Crude and adjusted analysis of the association between breast feeding (BF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) and fresh or minimally processed foods (FMPF) consumption at 22–23 years and at 30 years in the 1982 Pelotas cohort
BF | UPF consumption (%kcal) at 22–23 years | FMPF consumption (%kcal) at 22–23 years | ||
Crude β (95% CI) | Adjusted* β (95% CI) | Crude β (95% CI) | Adjusted* β (95% CI) | |
PBF duration (months) | −0.21 (−0.43 to 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.26 to 0.27) | 0.01 (−0.25 to 0.28) | −0.08 (−0.40 to 0.23) |
PBF up to 4 months | ||||
Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
No | 1.25 (0.21 to 2.28) | 0.32 (−0.89 to 1.54) | −1.02 (−2.25 to 0.20) | −0.49 (−1.95 to 0.97) |
PBF up to 6 months | ||||
Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
No | 2.68 (0.41 to 4.95) | −0.03 (−2.78 to 2.72) | −2.48 (−5.15 to 0.19) | −2.24 (−5.54 to 1.05) |
Total BF duration (months) | −0.05 (−0.08 to −0.01) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) | 0.04 (0.00 to 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.06) |
Total BF duration | ||||
≥12 months | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
<12 months | 1.58 (0.67 to 2.49) | 0.70 (−0.35 to 1.76) | −1.22 (−2.30 to −0.14) | −0.38 (−1.64 to 0.89) |
BF | UPF consumption (%kcal) at 30 years | FMPF consumption (%kcal) at 30 years | ||
Crude β (95% CI) | Adjusted* β (95% CI) | Crude β (95% CI) | Adjusted* β (95% CI) | |
PBF duration (months) | −0.09 (−0.33 to 0.15) | −0.00 (−0.29 to 0.28) | 0.08 (−0.19 to 0.34) | 0.07 (−0.25 to 0.39) |
PBF up to 4 months | ||||
Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
No | 0.23 (−0.87 to 1.33) | −0.36 (−1.67 to 0.94) | 0.10 (−1.12 to 1.32) | 0.81 (−0.65 to 2.27) |
PBF up to 6 months | ||||
Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
No | 1.17 (−1.27 to 3.60) | −1.14 (−4.10 to 1.83) | 0.84 (−1.86 to 3.54) | 2.37 (−0.94 to 5.68) |
Total BF duration (months) | −0.04 (-0.07 to 0.00) | −0.02 (-0.06 to 0.02) | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.08) |
Total BF duration | ||||
≥12 months | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
<12 months | 1.21 (0.25 to 2.17) | 0.81 (−0.31 to 1.93) | −0.98 (−2.04 to 0.09) | −0.47 (−1.73 to 0.78) |
Pelotas-RS, Brazil.
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
*Adjusted by maternal education at birth, family income at birth, pregestational body mass index, gestational age.
PBF, predominant BF.