Distribution of diabetes distress levels by insulin delivery and glucose monitoring methods
| MDI with BGM (n=631) | MDI with isCGM (n=450) | MDI with rtCGM (n=188) | IPT with BGM (n=195) | IPT with isCGM (n=215) | IPT with rtCGM (n=389) | |
| Diabetes distress cutpoints, n (%) | ||||||
| Little or no distress | 206 (32.6) | 104 (23.1) | 52 (27.7) | 50 (25.6) | 38 (17.7) | 94 (24.2) |
| Mild distress | 225 (35.7) | 127 (28.2) | 53 (28.2) | 68 (34.9) | 68 (31.6) | 129 (33.2) |
| Moderate distress | 152 (24.1) | 150 (33.3) | 57 (30.3) | 61 (31.3) | 88 (40.9) | 135 (34.7) |
| High distress | 48 (7.6) | 69 (15.3) | 26 (13.8) | 16 (8.2) | 21 (9.8) | 31 (8.0) |
| Moderate or high distress | 200 (31.7) | 219 (48.6) | 80 (44.1) | 77 (39.5) | 109 (50.7) | 166 (42.7) |
| Diabetes distress scores, mean±SD | ||||||
| Total score | 1.79±0.65 | 2.07±0.79 | 2.02±0.82 | 1.87±0.68 | 2.02±0.66 | 1.94±0.68 |
| Powerlessness | 2.20±1.01 | 2.66±1.23 | 2.57±1.21 | 2.34±1.05 | 2.70±1.07 | 2.57±1.09 |
| Management distress | 1.97±0.90 | 2.25±1.08 | 2.09±0.97 | 2.08±0.97 | 2.15±0.98 | 1.93±0.83 |
| Hypoglycaemia distress | 1.90±0.85 | 2.22±1.03 | 2.20±1.08 | 1.84±0.83 | 2.06±0.83 | 2.05±0.97 |
| Negative perception | 1.48±0.73 | 1.77±0.97 | 1.72±1.03 | 1.63±0.80 | 1.66±0.79 | 1.65±0.79 |
| Eating distress | 1.97±0.93 | 2.39±1.17 | 2.24±1.10 | 2.06±1.00 | 2.41±1.11 | 2.18±1.03 |
| Physician distress | 1.57±0.92 | 1.62±0.92 | 1.57±0.91 | 1.49±0.88 | 1.49±0.73 | 1.46±0.72 |
| Friend and family distress | 1.44±0.60 | 1.60±0.77 | 1.76±0.93 | 1.62±0.79 | 1.59±0.76 | 1.62±0.81 |
BGM, blood glucose meter; IPT, insulin pump therapy; isCGM, intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring; MDI, multiple daily insulin injections; rtCGM, real-time continuous glucose monitoring.