Table 1

Systematic reviews on ED interventions for suicide attempt

Study	Population	Intervention(s)	Included studies	Conclusions/recommendations
Inagaki 201513	Patients admitted to the ED for suicidal behaviour	Any intervention to prevent repeat suicidal behaviour	24 RCTs	Active contact and follow-up type interventions were effective in preventing a repeat suicide within 12 months (N=5319; pooled RR=0.83, 95% CI (0.71 to 0.97)). However, the effect at 24 months was not confirmed (N=925; pooled RR=0.98, 95 CI (0.76 to 1.22)). The effects of the other interventions on preventing a repetition of suicidal behaviour remain unclear.
McCabe, 201814	People at risk of suicide	Brief interventions (up to three sessions delivered in/soon after presenting episode) in the healthcare setting with two-way communication between at least one professional or paraprofessional and one patient. Interventions focus on suicidal thoughts and plans rather than diagnostic conditions and focus on routine clinical encounters.	4 studies (2 RCTs, 1 pilot RCT, 1 quasi-experimental)	Brief psychological interventions appear to be effective in reducing suicide and suicide attempts. It is unclear to what extent the effect is due to specific psychological techniques/ components or to more frequent contacts.
Nazarian, 201715	Adult patients presenting to the ED with suicidal ideation	Tools screening for risk of suicide	4 case series	The best approach to determine risk is an appropriate psychiatric assessment and good clinical judgement, taking patient, family and community factors into account.