Table 2

Crude and adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of CVD in relation to KOA, HipOA and HandOA

Crude estimateAdjusted estimate
ORLower 95% CIUpper 95% CIORLower 95% CIUpper 95% CI
Type 2 diabetes mellitus1.4261.3691.4861.1471.0911.206
Essential (primary) hypertension1.5471.4991.5951.0491.0091.09
Atrial fibrillation and flutter3.1032.8923.332.5212.3372.72
Chronic kidney disease2.4182.2532.5951.7121.5851.85
Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias1.421.3641.4781.020.9681.075
Knee osteoarthritis1.2041.1331.281.1921.1151.274
Hip osteoarthritis1.141.0011.2981.0570.9191.215
Hand osteoarthritis1.060.721.561.0350.6841.566
Oral antidiabetic drugs1.581.5091.6551.0771.0171.141
Platelet aggregation inhibitors2.692.5652.8222.2192.1082.336
Diuretic2.9232.7663.0882.0081.8922.131
Beta-blocking agents4.1263.8454.4282.5212.3372.72
Calcium antagonists1.9731.9032.0451.2921.2371.349
Agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system1.9721.92.0481.2341.1781.292
Lipid-regulating/antiatheroma preparations1.7551.6861.8281.1321.0741.194
  • CVD, cardiovascular disease; HandOA, hand osteoarthritis; HipOA, hip osteoarthritis; KOA, knee osteoarthritis.