Table 1

Maternal clinical characteristics stratified by offspring overweight status at 3-8 years of age

CharacteristicsNormalOverweightP value
At 3–5 years of age (1502/179)
 Age (years, means±SD)28.9±3.028.7±2.90.355*
 Height (cm, means±SD)163.0±4.9162.5±5.40.328*
  Prepregnancy BMI
  (kg/m2, means±SD)
22.8±3.325.4±4.4<0.001*
 SBP (mm Hg, means±SD)106.0±10.7108.4±10.50.005*
 DBP (mm Hg, means±SD)68.8±7.670.8±7.90.001*
 Education>12 years (%)1255 (83.6)139 (77.7)0.047†
 Parity≥1 (%)62 (4.1)5 (2.8)0.388†
 Family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives (%)137 (9.1)28 (15.6)0.006†
 Smoking during pregnancy (%)14 (0.9)1 (0.6)0.935†
 Drinking during pregnancy (%)8 (0.5)1 (0.6)1.000†
 Gestational diabetes mellitus (%)718 (47.8)103 (57.5)0.014†
 IC status during pregnancy (%)322 (21.4)42 (23.5)0.534†
 Unintentional intervention (%)172 (11.5)22 (12.3)0.740†
At 6–8 years of age (1213/468)
 Age (years, means±SD)28.9±2.928.9±3.20.983*
 Height (cm, means±SD)162.9±4.8162.8±5.30.615*
 Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2, means±SD)22.5±3.224.5±3.9<0.001*
 SBP (mm Hg, means±SD)105.7±10.8107.6±10.40.002*
 DBP (mm Hg, means±SD)68.6±7.770.2±7.7<0.001*
 Education>12 years (%)1030 (84.9)364 (77.8)0.001†
 Parity≥1 (%)45 (3.7)22 (4.7)0.352†
 Family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives (%)113 (9.3)52 (11.1)0.268†
 Smoking during pregnancy (%)8 (0.7)7 (1.5)0.179†
 Drinking during pregnancy (%)7 (0.6)2 (0.4)1.000†
 Gestational diabetes mellitus (%)543 (44.8)278 (59.4)<0.001†
 IC status during pregnancy (%)240 (19.8)124 (26.5)0.003†
 Unintentional intervention (%)135 (11.1)59 (12.6)0.400†
  • *Derived from t-test.

  • †Derived from χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test.

  • BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; IC, intensive care.;