Inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
| Research targeting Korean nurses Primary quantitative or mixed studies on the hospital ethical climate Research published in peer-reviewed journals Studies evaluating the relationship between hospital ethical climate and related variables Studies published by May 2023 in Korean or English Hospital ethical climate measured by the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS) | Qualitative research using open-ended questions Not Korean or English studies Non-primary research: reports, dissertations, reviews, case studies, editorial articles and so on |