Characteristics of primary care patients (PCPs) and their visit clinicians: patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) by pre-LASI and post-LASI periods (N=1029)*
| Patients with LEP | ||
| Pre-LASI N=294 n (%) | Post-LASI N=735 n (%) | |
| Preferred non-English language | ||
| Spanish | 90 (30.6) | 190 (25.9) |
| Cantonese | 130 (44.2) | 388 (52.8) |
| Mandarin | 74 (25.2) | 157 (21.4) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Latino | 90 (30.6) | 189 (25.7) |
| Chinese | 204 (69.4) | 546 (74.3) |
| Age, years (mean±SE) | 71.0±0.8 (range: 40–97) | 70.2±0.8 (range: 40–97) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 208 (70.7) | 483 (65.7) |
| Male | 86 (29.3) | 252 (34.3) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 152 (51.7) | 356 (48.4) |
| High school diploma | 39 (13.3) | 153 (20.8) |
| Associates degree or some college | 46 (15.6) | 72 (9.8) |
| College degree or higher | 44 (15.0) | 149 (20.3) |
| Refused/DK/missing | 13 (4.4) | 5 (0.7) |
| Insurance status | ||
| Private | 54 (18.4) | 86 (11.7) |
| Medicare | 193 (65.6) | 501 (68.2) |
| Medi-Cal | 47 (16.0) | 148 (20.1) |
| Comorbidity count (mean±SE) | 2.6±0.1 (range: 0–9) | 2.6±0.1 (range: 0–9) |
| No of primary care visits in prior 12 months (mean±SE) | 4.4±0.2 (range: 0–14) | 3.4±0.1 (range: 0–16) |
| Length of time (months) in practice† (mean±SE) | 28.1±1.1 (range: 0–35.5) | 30.7±0.7 (range: 0–35.5) |
| No of problems in visit note assessment and plan (mean±SE) | 5.6±0.3 (range: 1–16) | 5.1±0.3 (range: 1–21] |
| Type of clinician | ||
| Faculty MD | 182 (61.9) | 426 (57.9) |
| Resident MD | 91 (31.0) | 268 (36.5) |
| Nurse practitioner | 21 (7.1) | 41 (5.6) |
| Language concordance | ||
| Concordant, non-English | 92 (31.3) | 239 (32.5) |
| Partially concordant, non-English | 46 (15.7) | 60 (8.2) |
| Partially concordant, English | 11 (3.7) | 45 (6.1) |
| Discordant | 145 (49.3) | 391 (53.2) |
| Saw own PCP at visit | 226 (76.9) | 532 (72.4) |
| Visit clinician gender | ||
| Female | 193 (65.6) | 440 (59.9) |
| Male | 101 (34.4) | 295 (40.1) |
*1029 visits for 859 unique patients: 124 in pre-LASI only, 565 in post-LASI only and 170 patients with LEP in both pre-LASI and post-LASI periods.
†35.5 months was the maximum amount of retrospective patient information available in the EMR for the pre-LASI patients. Therefore, length of time as a patient in the practice was truncated at 35.5 months for all groups.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; EMR, electronic medical record; LASI, Language Access Systems Improvement.