Table 5

Demographic variables and COVID ICU-related factors at baseline and their effect on PCL-5 at 12 month follow-up*

Demographic variablesCoefficient95% CIP value
GenderFemaleRef
Male−0.5−3.6 to 4.60.809
Marital statusMarried/partnerRef
Single1.7−2.5 to 5.0.514
Years of professional experience−0.01−0.2 to 0.20.902
ProfessionNurseRef
Physician−4.8−10.6 to 0.90.098
Leader−2.7−7.9 to 3.60.458
Previous ICU experienceNo
Yes
Ref
4.2
−2.3 to 10.80.208
Self-reported previous symptoms of anxietyNo
Yes
Ref
0.3
−4.9 to 5.40.922
Self-reported previous symptoms of depressionNo
Yes
Ref
6.9
2.3 to 11.50.003†
Risk factors for serious COVID-infectionNo
Yes
Ref
1.5
−3.2 to 6.10.533
Professional preparationsProfessional preparednessNo
Yes
Ref
−0.8
−11.2 to 9.70.885
Professional informationNo
Yes
Ref
0.1
−3.3 to 3.60.938
Simulation trainingNo
Yes
Ref
1.7
−1.6 to 5.00.314
Emotional experienceFear of infectionNo
Yes
Ref
4.4
1.1 to 7.70.009†
Feeling of lonelinessNo
Yes
Ref
4.5
0.7to 8.20.020†
Support at workNo extra supportNo
Yes
Ref
−0.5
−4.0 to 2.80.741
Talk to leaderNo
Yes
Ref
−0.4
−4.3 to 3.40.826
Daily debriefNo
Yes
Ref
−3.7
−9.6 to 2.20.221
  • Median regression analysis, N=286.

  • *One participant was excluded from the analysis due to missing data on years of professional experience.

  • †≤0.05

  • ICU, intensive care unit; PCL-5, post-traumatic stress disease checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5.