List of survey instruments used in this study
| Instrument | Description |
| Cognitive Domain | |
| MOCA59 | Assessment tool for the early detection of mild cognitive impairment. Assesses short-term memory, visuospatial abilities, executive function, attention, concentration and working memory, language and orientation to time and place. |
| Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Applied Cognition Abilities28 | 16-item measure assessing self-impressions of cognitive function in the past 7 days. |
| Sleep Domain | |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)39 | 19-item instrument to estimate subjective sleep quality. Scores range from 0 to 21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. |
| Insomnia Severity Index40 | 7-item instrument that assesses severity of insomnia. Higher scores indicate worse insomnia symptoms. |
| Morningness- Eveningness41 | 19-item instrument that assesses preferred ‘chronotype’, or morningness vs eveningness. Higher scores indicate greater morningness. |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale42 | 8-item questionnaire to estimate daytime sleepiness. Higher scores indicate greater sleepiness. |
| Brief Index of Sleep Control43 | 4-item instrument designed to quantify the degree to which someone has control over their sleep. Higher scores indicate greater control. |
| Health Domain | |
| Medication Use | This form collects details on prescription medication used in the past 4 weeks or over-the-counter medication used in the past 2 weeks. |
| Medical History | 23-item questionnaire that records information about individuals' medical history. High scores indicate better health. |
| Short Form-36 Questionnaire60 | 36-item measure assessing health-related quality of life. Scores are summarised in a Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary. Higher scores indicate better health status. |
| Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire61 | 23-Item measure examining heart failure symptoms, physical limitations and quality of life. Lower scores represent more severe symptoms/limitations. |
| PROMIS Global Health62 | 10-item scale that assesses physical, mental and social aspects of health. Higher scores indicate better health. |
| Time Use Questionnaire | 7-item scale that assesses the frequency and duration of activities. |
| COVID-19 Questionnaire | 15-item questionnaire that related to exposure to COVID-19. |
| Sociodemographic Domain | |
| Sociodemographic Information Questionnaire | 38 items are collected to assess sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, education level, income, access to healthcare, perceived social standing, etc. |
| Lifestyle Behaviour Domain | |
| Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)63 | 13-item scale examining several components of physical activity including intensity, duration and frequency. |
| Tobacco History | Item questionnaire that determines when an individual began smoking and their current smoking habits. |
| Automated Self-Administered (ASA) 24-Hour Dietary Recall64 | Automated self-administered 24-hour dietary assessment tool web-based tool(. |
| Substance Use | 12-item questionnaire that determines the use of alcohol and marijuana. |
| Psychosocial Domain | |
| STRAIN65 | The Stress and Adversity Inventory (STRAIN) is a secure, online stress assessment system that measures individuals’ lifetime exposure to different types of acute and chronic stress that can affect mental and physical health. The system is intended to combine the reliability and sophistication of an interview-based measure of stress with the simplicity of a self-report instrument. To accomplish this goal, the STRAIN enquires about 75 different types of stressors (Adolescent STRAIN) or 55 different types of stressors (Adult STRAIN) that cover all major life domains (eg, health, intimate relationships, friendships, children, education, work, finances, housing, living conditions, crime) and several social-psychological characteristics (eg, interpersonal loss, physical danger, role change, entrapment). |
| PROMIS Social Isolation-Short Form 4 a66 | 6-item scale examining perceived social isolation. Higher scores indicate higher perceived isolation. |
| Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR16)67 | 16-item scale examining endorsement of depressive symptoms. Higher scores indicate higher symptoms. |
| Perceived Stress Scale68 | 10-item scale assessing the degree to which situation in participant’s life are appraised as stressful. Higher scores indicate higher levels of stress. |
| University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Questionnaire69 | 8-item scale assessing perceived isolation from others. Higher scores indicate higher perceived loneliness. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder70 | 7-item questionnaire assessing self-reported anxiety symptoms in the past 2 weeks. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety symptoms. |
| Brief Resilience Scale71 | 6-item questionnaire used to assess the ability to bounce back. High score indicated high resilience, |
| Bereavement | 1-item examining whether participants have lost a spouse/partner or loved one in the past 6 months. |
| United States Department of Agriculture Food insecurity72 | Item questionnaire used to measure household food security and food insecurity. High score indicated extremely low food security. |
| Social Support73 | Item questionnaire indicated the no of people available for support and satisfaction of support. |
MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.