Table 1

List of opportunities and their descriptions

Opportunity	Description
Access to ANC care	Women who had completed at least one ANC visit are considered to have had access to ANC care.
Access to minimum required ANC visits	Women who had made four or more ANC visits are recognised to have had access to minimum required ANC visits.
Access to medically trained person who provided ANC	Women who received at least one ANC from medically trained personnel are acknowledged as having access to medically trained persons who provided ANC; whereas doctors, nurses, midwives, family welfare visitors, community healthcare providers, subassistant community medical officers are recognised as medically trained persons.34
Access to institutional delivery	Women whose delivery occurred in a health facility are regarded as having obtained the access to institutional delivery. Here, health facilities encompassed those operating within public, private and NGO sectors such as NGO static clinic and delivery hut.
Access to adequate maternal healthcare	Based on the aforementioned indicators, a composite indicator for access to maternal and child healthcare was developed which takes the value 1 if all the conditions for adequate healthcare are met. Women who had made at least four ANC visits with one or more visits from medically trained providers and made institutional delivery are considered to have adequate maternal healthcare access.