Therapeutic outcomes across the review studies (experimental)
| Author (year, country) | Therapeutic domain of interest* | Therapeutic outcomes | Therapeutic outcome measures | Frequency of when the outcome measures were observed/follow-up periods |
| Hill et al (1989, USA)72 | Social | Improve compliant behaviour† | Note taking, videotaping and observation | Data were collected from the 28 video recordings taken during the intervention period |
| Robb (2003, USA)2 | Social | Attentive behaviour and participation skills | Note taking, observations and completing non-validated assessment forms | Data were gathered from four sessions that were videotaped to facilitate the collection of behavioural data (a time sampling data collection method, with 10 s observe/5 s record intervals). Observation forms were used to evaluate data from the videotapes |
| Zhao et al (2005, China)70 | Mental health and quality of life | Improve psychological well-being and quality of life | Validated questionnaires (Quality of Life Specific Scale (DQOL), Visual Quality of Life (VQOL) and Symptom Check list (SCL-90) | Data were collected before the intervention and after the intervention period of 28 days |
| Bertelmann et al (2015, Germany)71 | Mental health, physiological parameters | Reduce psychological stress and improve overall mental well-being | Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire and Kurzfragebogen zur aktuellen Beanspruchung (KAB) and physiological parameters (intraocular pressure, visual acuity, visual field, adrenalin concentration (pg/mL), cortisol concentration (µg/dL) and endothelin concentration (pg/mL)) | Data were collected daily before the 30-min intervention for all 10 days during the core study phase. The physiological parameters: adrenalin concentration (pg/mL), cortisol concentration (µg/dL) and endothelin concentration (pg/mL) were measured at four time points |
*Social—includes social engagement, bonding and interaction, change in behaviour and social skills (eg, communication); mental health—includes well-being, anxiety, depression, psychological stress; physiological/health-related outcomes—includes blood pressure/heart rate; quality of life—includes any health-related quality of life measures.
†Behaviour was defined as sitting when instructed to do so by the teacher.