Table 1

Participant demographics across review studies (non-experimental)

Author (year, country)Sample sizeMean ageGenderNationality (ethnicity)Vision impairments
Salas and Gonzalez (1988, USA)61 14 yearsFemaleAmerican/ItalianBilateral optic atrophy
Rogow (1982, Canada)65 104 years6 Females
4 Males
Canadian (Chinese)Anophthalmia, cortical blindness, partial sight impairment, several sight impaired and total blindness
Shoemark (1991, Australia)62 18 yearsMaleAustralianDetached retina (blind)
Silliman et al (1994, USA)66 110 yearsMaleAmericanBlind
Kern and Wolery (2001, USA)63 13 yearsMaleAmerican (African)Bilateral congenital anophthalmia/microphthalmia
Villasenor and Vargas-Colon (2012, USA)67 214.5 years1 Female
1 Male
AmericanRetinopathy of prematurity
Desrochers et al (2014, USA)68 113 yearsFemaleAmericanBilateral congenital anophthalmia
Metell (2015, Norway)64 102.5 years5 Females
5 Males
BrazilianOptic nerve atrophy, septo-optic dysplasia, chorioretinitis, coloboma of optic papilla, chorioretinitis, microphthalmia, corectopia-clara, optic nerve atrophy, toxoplasmosis, agenesis ocular, optic nerve atrophy, anophthalmia
Villas Boas et al (2016, Brazil)69 15 yearsMaleSouth AmericanNystagmus and blind