Cost composition and calculation of management of complications
Rural settings (US$/person) | Urban settings (US$/person) | |||||||
Direct medical costs* | Direct non-medical costs† | Indirect costs‡ | Societal costs per person | Direct medical costs* | Direct non-medical costs | Indirect costs‡ | Societal costs per person | |
Vitrectomy | 2677 | 124 | 574 | 3375 | 2677 | 2 | 784 | 3463 |
Suprachoroidal haemorrhage drainage | 575 | 124 | 82 | 781 | 575 | 2 | 112 | 689 |
Bleb leak revision | 707 | 124 | 82 | 913 | 707 | 2 | 112 | 720 |
Penetrating keratoplasty | 5411 | 124 | 574 | 6109 | 5411 | 2 | 784 | 6197 |
Endothelial keratoplasty | 4560 | 124 | 574 | 5258 | 4560 | 2 | 784 | 5346 |
Tube revision or reinforcement | 606 | 124 | 82 | 812 | 606 | 2 | 112 | 720 |
Correction of strabismus | 1380 | 124 | 574 | 2078 | 1380 | 2 | 784 | 2166 |
Anterior chamber irrigation | 56 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 56 |
We considered both direct and indirect costs from a social perspective. All costs were collected in Chinese yuan and converted into US dollars according to the average exchange rate in 2021 (¥6.45 to US$1). Costs were discounted at 3.5% per annum.
*Direct costs consist of direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs. Patients undergoing vitrectomy, penetrating keratoplasty, endothelial keratoplasty and correction of strabismus need to be hospitalised for 7 days. Patients undergoing suprachoroidal haemorrhage drainage, bleb leak revision and tube revision or reinforcement only need to be hospitalised for 1 day. Patients with IOP spike caused by massive hyphema received anterior chamber irrigation during hospitalisation.
†Direct non-medical costs includes food, transportation and accommodation expenses for patients and one family member.
‡The human capital method was used to calculate indirect costs such as wage loss of patients and family members in the process of disease diagnosis and treatment.
IOP, intraocular pressure.