Table 4

Cox regression analysis of acute cardiac drug therapy (CDT) in different subgroups

SubgroupsCrude HR (95% CI)IPW adjusted * HR (95% CI)
ACEIs vs BBsARBs vs BBsCCBs vs BBsThiazides vs BBsACEIs vs BBsARBs vs BBsCCBs vs BBsThiazides vs BBs
Gender
Male1.24 (1.13 to 1.36)1.07 (0.93 to 1.23)1.28 (1.11 to 1.48)1.14 (1.03 to 1.27)1.03 (0.93 to 1.14)0.91 (0.78 to 1.05)1.11 (0.95 to 1.31)0.86 (0.76 to 0.97)
Female1.48 (1.33 to 1.64)1.36 (1.18 to 1.57)1.60 (1.39 to 1.83)1.36 (1.25 to 1.49)1.08 (0.96 to 1.22)1.07 (0.92 to 1.24)1.40 (1.20 to 1.62)0.91 (0.82 to 1.00)
Age(years)
18–391.79 (1.34 to 2.39)0.96 (0.52 to 1.76)1.52 (1.03 to 2.25)1.07 (0.70 to 1.64)1.36 (0.92 to 2.02)1.06 (0.57 to 2.00)1.55 (1.03 to 2.34)0.89 (0.56 to 1.42)
40–691.21 (1.11 to 1.32)1.07 (0.95 to 1.21)1.28 (1.13 to 1.46)0.95 (0.87 to 1.04)1.04 (0.94 to 1.14)0.96 (0.84 to 1.09)1.29 (1.12 to 1.48)0.87 (0.79 to 0.96)
≥701.09 (0.96 to 1.25)0.98 (0.82 to 1.18)1.20 (1.00 to 1.42)0.91 (0.80 to 1.03)1.04 (0.90 to 1.20)0.98 (0.81 to 1.19)1.18 (0.98 to 1.43)0.88 (0.77 to 1.00)
Drugs for diabetes
Yes1.28 (0.91 to 1.79)1.10 (0.71 to 1.69)1.28 (0.70 to 2.37)0.68 (0.42 to 1.11)1.12 (0.78 to 1.60)0.97 (0.62 to 1.51)0.91 (0.42 to 1.94)0.58 (0.34 to 0.96)
No1.34 (1.25 to 1.45)1.24 (1.12 to 1.37)1.48 (1.34 to 1.63)1.27 (1.19 to 1.37)1.05 (0.97 to 1.14)0.99 (0.89 to 1.11)1.29 (1.15 to 1.44)0.90 (0.84 to 0.98)
Drugs for rheumatoid arthritis
Yes0.84 (0.42 to 1.66)0.51 (0.17 to 1.51)0.87 (0.41 to 1.83)0.35 (0.13 to 0.95)0.76 (0.37 to 1.58)0.38 (0.13 to 1.15)1.65 (0.78 to 3.48)0.42 (0.15 to 1.16)
No1.45 (1.35 to 1.55)1.27 (1.15 to 1.41)1.48 (1.34 to 1.64)1.27 (1.18 to 1.36)1.06 (0.98 to 1.15)1.00 (0.90 to 1.11)1.26 (1.13 to 1.41)0.89 (0.82 to 0.96)
Drugs for asthma/COPD
Yes1.72 (1.34 to 2.21)1.70 (1.23 to 2.35)1.69 (1.22 to 2.34)1.38 (1.07 to 1.77)1.13 (0.86 to 1.49)1.30 (0.92 to 1.83)1.38 (0.97 to 1.95)0.90 (0.68 to 1.18)
No1.41 (1.32 to 1.52)1.22 (1.10 to 1.36)1.45 (1.31 to 1.61)1.24 (1.16 to 1.34)1.05 (0.97 to 1.14)0.97 (0.87 to 1.08)1.25 (1.11 to 1.41)0.88 (0.81 to 0.96)
Calendar-year periods
1996–20001.75 (1.48 to 2.06)1.39 (1.03 to 1.88)1.61 (1.28 to 2.03)1.39 (1.16 to 1.67)1.10 (0.90 to 1.35)0.99 (0.72 to 1.36)1.21 (0.95 to 1.55)0.95 (0.77 to 1.17)
2000–20101.52 (1.39 to 1.65)1.23 (1.09 to 1.40)1.70 (1.48 to 1.95)1.26 (1.15 to 1.37)1.02 (0.92 to 1.13)0.92 (0.80 to 1.05)1.30 (1.12 to 1.51)0.86 (0.78 to 0.95)
2010–20201.38 (1.19 to 1.60)1.54 (1.26 to 1.87)1.40 (1.16 to 1.68)1.34 (1.15 to 1.57)1.11 (0.95 to 1.30)1.24 (1.01 to 1.52)1.12 (0.92 to 1.36)0.93 (0.79 to 1.10)
  • *IPW adjusted between antihypertensive monotherapies and gender, age, drug for diabetes, drug for RA, drug for asthma/COPD, calendar-year periods.

  • ACEIs, ACE inhibitors ; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers ; BBs, beta-blockers; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IPW, inverse probability weighting; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.