Sample characteristics in total and by level of motivation to stop smoking (all adult tobacco smokers*, unweighted data)
| All smokers (n=19 257†) | MTSS level 1 (n=9255) | MTSS level 2 (n=5190) | MTSS level 3 (n=1994) | MTSS level 4 (n=595) | MTSS level 5 (n=1554) | MTSS level 6 (n=208) | MTSS level 7 (n=173) | |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 47.0 (16.5) | 47.9 (16.8) | 47.7 (16.2) | 43.5 (15.7) | 44.3 (15.5) | 45.7 (15.5) | 45.5 (15.7) | 43.8 (16.5) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Men | 53.6 (10,317) | 55.0 (5,085) | 52.4 (2,719) | 51.8 (1,032) | 53.3 (317) | 51.5 (800) | 49.5 (103) | 52.6 (91) |
| Women | 46.4 (8,937) | 45.0 (4,168) | 47.6 (2,471) | 48.2 (961) | 46.7 (278) | 48.5 (754) | 50.5 (105) | 47.4 (82) |
| Level of education | ||||||||
| Low | 33.7 (6,406) | 36.5 (3,340) | 33.1 (1,696) | 28.1 (551) | 26.3 (154) | 31.1 (477) | 32.2 (67) | 22.7 (39) |
| Middle | 40.9 (7,775) | 41.1 (3,760) | 41.6 (2,128) | 40.6 (796) | 44.0 (258) | 39.0 (597) | 35.1 (73) | 39.5 (68) |
| High | 25.4 (4,820) | 22.4 (2,049) | 25.3 (1,295) | 31.2 (612) | 29.7 (174) | 29.9 (458) | 32.7 (68) | 37.8 (65) |
| Income‡, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.9) |
| Number of cigarettes per day, mean (SD) | 13.7 (8.1) | 14.4 (8.3) | 14.0 (7.8) | 11.9 (7.5) | 13.3 (8.1) | 12.5 (8.0) | 10.9 (7.9) | 11.0 (8.6) |
| Recent quit attempts | ||||||||
| No attempt in the past 12 months | 85.7 (15,933) | 94.4 (8,470) | 86.5 (4,382) | 79.4 (1,523) | 61.5 (350) | 59.4 (904) | 38.4 (78) | 37.3 (60) |
| At least one attempt 7–12 months ago | 6.9 (1,280) | 3.4 (302) | 7.0 (353) | 10.6 (203) | 17.4 (99) | 16.5 (251) | 14.8 (30) | 18.0 (29) |
| At least one attempt 0–6 months ago | 7.5 (1,389) | 2.3 (203) | 6.5 (328) | 10.0 (192) | 21.1 (120) | 24.1 (367) | 46.8 (95) | 44.7 (72) |
| Time spent with urges to smoke, mean (SD) | 3.3 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.1) | 3.4 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.0) | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.2) |
| Strength of urges to smoke, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.1 (0.9) | 1.9 (0.9) | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.0 (0.9) | 1.9 (0.9) | 2.0 (1.1) |
| Use of e-cigarettes | ||||||||
| Never | 74.8 (14,393) | 79.7 (7,369) | 73.0 (3,786) | 70.3 (1,402) | 63.4 (377) | 64.5 (1,003) | 63.5 (132) | 64.2 (111) |
| Ex-experimental | 18.4 (3,542) | 15.1 (1,395) | 20.7 (1,074) | 21.5 (428) | 25.7 (153) | 23.7 (368) | 22.1 (46) | 23.7 (41) |
| Ex-regular | 2.7 (520) | 2.1 (194) | 2.9 (152) | 3.7 (74) | 4.0 (24) | 3.3 (52) | 3.8 (8) | 5.2 (9) |
| Current | 4.0 (776) | 3.1 (283) | 3.4 (176) | 4.5 (90) | 6.9 (41) | 8.4 (131) | 10.6 (22) | 6.9 (12) |
| Use of HTP§ | ||||||||
| Never | 91.0 (11,345) | 91.5 (5,592) | 91.3 (3,183) | 87.8 (1,137) | 87.7 (250) | 92.2 (862) | 89.4 (110) | 87.0 (80) |
| Ex-experimental | 7.6 (948) | 7.3 (448) | 7.2 (252) | 10.4 (135) | 10.2 (29) | 5.9 (55) | 8.1 (10) | 9.8 (9) |
| Ex-regular | 0.7 (83) | 0.5 (30) | 0.8 (29) | 0.7 (9) | 1.1 (3) | 0.4 (4) | 1.6 (2) | 2.2 (2) |
| Current | 0.8 (96) | 0.6 (39) | 0.6 (22) | 1.1 (14) | 1.1 (3) | 1.5 (14) | 0.8 (1) | 1.1 (1) |
| Use of waterpipe§ | ||||||||
| Never | 70.8 (8,840) | 73.4 (4,490) | 70.2 (2,453) | 65.4 (848) | 61.6 (175) | 67.2 (630) | 65.9 (81) | 66.3 (61) |
| Ex-experimental | 21.1 (2,635) | 18.6 (1,141) | 22.3 (778) | 24.8 (322) | 25.7 (73) | 24.9 (233) | 25.2 (31) | 27.2 (25) |
| Ex-regular | 3.5 (440) | 3.2 (198) | 3.5 (122) | 4.5 (58) | 6.3 (18) | 3.2 (30) | 5.7 (7) | 3.3 (3) |
| Current | 4.6 (578) | 4.7 (290) | 4.0 (139) | 5.2 (68) | 6.3 (18) | 4.7 (44) | 3.3 (4) | 3.3 (3) |
Numbers present percentage (number), unless otherwise stated.
*Data from DEBRA waves 1–33, except for use of HTP and waterpipe, for which only data from waves 13–33 were used.
†1.5% (n=288) had missing data for the MTSS.
‡Range from 0 (0 Euro income) to 7 (7,000 or more Euro income).
§12,509 adult tobacco smokers included from waves 13 to 33 of whom 1.2% (n=156) had missing data for the MTSS, column sums differ accordingly.
DEBRA, German Study on Tobacco Use; HTP, heated tobacco products; MTSS, Motivation To Stop Scale.