General characteristics of participants stratified by cardiometabolic phenotypes
| Cardiometabolic phenotype | P value | ||||
| MHN (n=2948) | MUHN (n=240) | MHO (n=6870) | MUHO (n=4824) | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Gender | *<0.001 | ||||
| Male | 1820 (61.7) | 106 (44.2) | 3136 (45.6) | 1604 (33.3) | |
| Female | 1128 (38.3) | 134 (55.8) | 3734 (54.4) | 3220 (66.7) | |
| Marital status | *<0.001 | ||||
| Not married | 218 (7.4) | 20 (8.3) | 401 (5.8) | 441 (9.1) | |
| Married | 2730 (92.6) | 220 (91.7) | 6469 (94.2) | 4383 (90.9) | |
| Education level | **<0.001 | ||||
| Illiterate | 387 (13.1) | 60 (25) | 898 (13.1) | 1128 (23.4) | |
| Primary school | 1040 (35.3) | 73 (30.4) | 2747 (40) | 1956 (40.5) | |
| Diploma | 1180 (40) | 87 (36.3) | 2562 (37.3) | 1451 (30.1) | |
| University | 341 (11.6) | 20 (8.3) | 663 (9.7) | 289 (6) | |
| Physical activity level (METs) | **<0.001 | ||||
| Low | 816 (27.7) | 88 (36.7) | 2110 (30.7) | 1958 (40.6) | |
| Moderate | 851 (28.9) | 83 (34.6) | 2353 (34.3) | 1665 (34.5) | |
| High | 1281 (43.5) | 69 (28.7) | 2407(35) | 1201 (24.9) | |
| Quintiles of Wealth Index | **<0.001 | ||||
| 1 (poorest) | 758 (25.7) | 51 (21.3) | 1402 (20.4) | 1232 (25.5) | |
| 2 | 470 (15.9) | 39 (16.3) | 1097 (43.6) | 909 (18.8) | |
| 3 | 564 (19.1) | 62 (25.8) | 1452 (21.1) | 949 (19.7) | |
| 4 | 597 (20.3) | 37 (15.4) | 1570 (22.9) | 902 (18.7) | |
| 5 (richest) | 559 (19) | 51 (21.3) | 1349 (19.6) | 832 (17.2) | |
| Current smoking status | **<0.001 | ||||
| Non-smoker | 1930 (65.5) | 176 (73.3) | 5276 (76.8) | 3922 (81.3) | |
| Ex-smoker | 238 (8.1) | 17 (7.1) | 608 (8.9) | 373 (7.7) | |
| Smoker | 727 (24.7) | 44 (18.3) | 843 (12.3) | 451 (9.3) | |
| Smokers of other tobacco products (water pipe, hookah, pipe) | 53 (1.8) | 3 (1.3) | 143 (2.1) | 78 (1.6) | |
| Secondhand smoking | 1256 (42.6) | 104 (43.3) | 3205 (46.7) | 2433 (50.4) | *<0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption | **<0.001 | ||||
| No | 2561 (86.9) | 216 (90) | 6247 (90.9) | 4452 (92.3) | |
| Experiment | 296 (10) | 17 (7.1) | 482 (7) | 276 (5.7) | |
| Limited time (for treatment) | 3 (0.1) | 0 | 7 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | |
| Ex-drinker | 9 (0.3) | 0 | 24 (0.3) | 8 (0.2) | |
| Drinker | 79 (2.7) | 7 (2.9) | 110 (1.6) | 82 (1.7) | |
| Insulin load | **<0.001 | ||||
| First | 561 (19) | 97 (40.4) | 1503 (21.9) | 1545 (32) | |
| Second | 685 (23.2) | 64 (26.7) | 1747 (25.4) | 1233 (25.6) | |
| Third | 794 (26.9) | 45 (18.8) | 1778 (25.9) | 1105 (22.9) | |
| Fourth | 908 (30.8) | 34 (14.2) | 1842 (26.8) | 941 (19.5) | |
| Insulin Index | **<0.001 | ||||
| First | 577 (19.6) | 97 (40.4) | 1507 (21.9) | 1524 (31.6) | |
| Second | 703 (23.8) | 56 (23.3) | 1690 (24.6) | 1272 (26.4) | |
| Third | 761 (25.8) | 59 (24.6) | 1831 (26.7) | 1078 (22.3) | |
| Fourth | 907 (30.7) | 28 (11.7) | 1842 (26.8) | 950 (19.7) | |
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | ||
| Age (years) | 48.68±9.75 | 55.36±9.03 | 48.06±8.81 | 52.09±8.98 | ***<0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 165.40±9.51 | 161.66±9.26 | 162.36±9.29 | 160.43±9.27 | ***<0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.86±8.54 | 61.93±7.94 | 77.98±11.30 | 82.23±13.19 | ***<0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 80.98±7.22 | 87.21±6.36 | 94.97±8.83 | 101.77±9.14 | ***<0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 95.42±4.86 | 95.19±4.59 | 105.94±7.28 | 108.40±8.61 | ***<0.001 |
| Dietary Insulin Index | 54.89±19.43 | 47.95±9.24 | 53.42±18.46 | 50.78±16.52 | ***<0.001 |
| Dietary insulin load | 157 907.35±84 258.16 | 121 546.75±61 228. 21 | 150 506.01±80 295.64 | 135 191.32±72 140.76 | ***<0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2831.29±911.44 | 2476.97±875.68 | 2768.65±885.93 | 2611.62±859.49 | ***<0.001 |
*P value: χ2 test ; ** P value: Kruskal–Wallis; *** P value: One-way analysis of variance.
MET, metabolic equivalent of task; MHN, Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight; MHO, Metabolically Healthy Obese; MUHN, Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight; MUHO, Metabolically Unhealthy Obese.