Questionnaire measures included
| Measure | Scale used |
| Key variable of interest | |
| Mental defeat | Pain Self-Perception Scale10 |
| Pain-related measures | |
| Pain intensity and interference | Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form47 |
| Pain vigilance and awareness | Pain Vigilance & Awareness Questionnaire48 |
| Pain-related fear of movement | Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-1149 |
| Patterns of activity (pain specific) | Patterns of Activity Measure for Pain50 |
| Pain catastrophising | Pain Catastrophizing Scale51 |
| Pain self-efficacy | Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire52 |
| Physical and social activity measures | |
| Physical activity | International Physical Activity Questionnaire53 |
| Social activity | Social Activity Log54 |
| Sleep-related measure | |
| Insomnia symptom severity | Insomnia Severity Index55 |
| Psychological states | |
| Stress | Perceived Stress Scale56 |
| Anxiety and depression | Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale57 |
| Suicidal behaviour | Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire Revised58 |
| Self-compassion | Self-Compassion Scale Short Form59 |
| Quality of life measure | |
| General health and quality of life | EQ-5D-5L60 |