Table 2

Estimated effect of lifting COVID restrictions on primary care service utilisation in Nepal, estimates from difference-in-differences models

Restrictions lifted95% CICOVID-19 cases95% CINR2adj. R2
Contraceptive users57.51**(14.55 to 100.48)−0.01(−0.02 to 0.01)37100.010.01
ANC visits15.60**(5.34 to 25.86)0.01(−0.01 to 0.02)36250.080.07
PNC visits−1.50(−4.94 to 1.94)0.00(−0.00 to 0.00)25950.070.07
Child pneumonia visits1.55*(0.24 to 2.86)−0.00**(−0.00 to 0.00)27750.190.19
Measles vaccine7.35(−6.49 to 21.19)0.00(−0.01 to 0.00)17400.200.20
Outpatient visits−56.81(−193.77 to 80.16)−0.10***(−0.13 to 0.06)37100.090.09
Diabetes visits5.01(−8.12 to 18.14)0.00(−0.01 to 0.02)16650.030.02
Hypertension visits12.70(−6.74 to 32.14)0.00(−0.01 to 0.01)34450.020.02
HIV tests34.83(−12.57 to 82.22)0.02(−0.02 to 0.05)11800.040.04
TB cases detected0.06(−0.73 to 0.85)0.00(−0.00 to 0.00)11500.040.04
  • 95% CI in parentheses.

  • The coefficient for restrictions lifted is the effect of lifting COVID restrictions on health service utilisation. Models also included fixed effects for month and palika.

  • *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

  • ANC, antenatal care; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PNC, postnatal care; TB, tuberculosis.