Estimated effect of lifting COVID restrictions on primary care service utilisation in Nepal, estimates from difference-in-differences models
| Restrictions lifted | 95% CI | COVID-19 cases | 95% CI | N | R2 | adj. R2 | |
| Contraceptive users | 57.51** | (14.55 to 100.48) | −0.01 | (−0.02 to 0.01) | 3710 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| ANC visits | 15.60** | (5.34 to 25.86) | 0.01 | (−0.01 to 0.02) | 3625 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| PNC visits | −1.50 | (−4.94 to 1.94) | 0.00 | (−0.00 to 0.00) | 2595 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Child pneumonia visits | 1.55* | (0.24 to 2.86) | −0.00** | (−0.00 to 0.00) | 2775 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
| Measles vaccine | 7.35 | (−6.49 to 21.19) | 0.00 | (−0.01 to 0.00) | 1740 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Outpatient visits | −56.81 | (−193.77 to 80.16) | −0.10*** | (−0.13 to 0.06) | 3710 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| Diabetes visits | 5.01 | (−8.12 to 18.14) | 0.00 | (−0.01 to 0.02) | 1665 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Hypertension visits | 12.70 | (−6.74 to 32.14) | 0.00 | (−0.01 to 0.01) | 3445 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| HIV tests | 34.83 | (−12.57 to 82.22) | 0.02 | (−0.02 to 0.05) | 1180 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| TB cases detected | 0.06 | (−0.73 to 0.85) | 0.00 | (−0.00 to 0.00) | 1150 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
95% CI in parentheses.
The coefficient for restrictions lifted is the effect of lifting COVID restrictions on health service utilisation. Models also included fixed effects for month and palika.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
ANC, antenatal care; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PNC, postnatal care; TB, tuberculosis.