Subgroup analysis of MBSR versus controls in sleep quality for people with sleep disturbance
| Category | Objective sleep quality (sleep efficiency, %) | Patient-reported sleep quality | ||||||
| Studies, n | Participants, n | Random effects, MD (95% CI) | I2, % | Studies, n | Participants, n | Random effects, SMD (95% CI) | I2, % | |
| Overall pooled estimates | 4 | 252 | −1.17 (−4.26 to 1.92) | 68 | 17 | 2127 | −0.17 (−0.35 to 0.01) | 74 |
| Participants’ type | ||||||||
| Chronic insomnia | 2 | 62 | −3.21 (−7.64 to 1.21) | 45 | 3 | 122 | −0.25 (−1.14 to 0.65) | 81 |
| Cancers | 2 | 190 | 0.35 (−4.45 to 5.15) | 81 | 7 | 797 | −0.08 (−0.44 to 0.28) | 82 |
| Others | 7 | 1208 | −0.21 (−0.36 to −0.06) | 36 | ||||
| Control group | ||||||||
| Active | 3 | 173 | −2.48 (−4.68 to −0.28) | 28 | 8 | 1071 | −0.01 (−0.27 to 0.29) | 71 |
| Passive | 1 | 79 | 3.10 (−0.67 to 6.87) | NA | 9 | 1056 | −0.32 (−0.56 to −0.08) | 71 |
MBSR, mindfulness-based stress reduction; NA, not applicable; SMD, standardised mean difference.