Prevalence ratios (PR) for the number of meals/day, potential confounders and overweight and obesity in adults aged 18–64 years (non-pregnant women), Colombia, ENSIN, 2015
| Explanatory variable | PR for meal frequency (95% CI) | |||
| Overweight* | Obesity* | |||
| Crude | Adjusted† | Crude | Adjusted† | |
| Number of meals/day | ||||
| 3 or fewer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 4 | 0.96 (0.72 to 1.23) | 0.97 (0.72 to 1.30) | 0.62 (0.43 to 0.90) | 0.61 (0.42 to 0.88) |
| 5 or more | 0.60 (0.47 to 0.77) | 0.58 (0.45 to 0.76) | 0.53 (0.38 to 0.75) | 0.51 (0.36 to 0.72) |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Females | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.37) | 1.04 (0.82 to 1.32) | 0.91 (0.67 to 1.23) | 0.98 (0.73 to 1.32) |
| Household members | ||||
| 1–4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 5–6 | 0.70 (0.57 to 0.86) | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.94) | 0.72 (0.52 to 1.00) | 0.75 (0.54 to 1.02) |
| 7+ | 0.84 (0.62 to 1.14) | 1.02 (0.74 to 1.39) | 0.81 (0.50 to 1.33) | 0.90 (0.52 to 1.54) |
| Education of head | ||||
| <5 (primary or less) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 to <11 | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.41) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.40) | 0.99 (0.68 to 1.46) | 0.96 (0.66 to 1.41) |
| 11 to <16 | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.92) | 1.51 (1.14 to 2.01) | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.33) | 0.84 (0.57 to 1.24) |
| ≥16 (university) | 1.70 (1.01 to 2.65) | 1.68 (1.02 to 2.76) | 1.23 (0.69 to 2.19) | 1.06 (0.58 to 1.95) |
| Food insecurity in the home‡ | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mild | 0.87 (0.70 to 1.08) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.17) | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.97) | 0.67 (0.47 to 0.96) |
| Moderate | 0.96 (0.70 to 1.31) | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.34) | 0.87 (0.56 to 1.36) | 0.81 (0.49 to 1.34) |
| Severe | 0.84 (0.52 to 1.34) | 0.89 (0.54 to 1.48) | 0.89 (0.51 to 1.56) | 0.82 (0.44 to 1.55) |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Big cities§ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 100 001–1 000 000 population | 0.79 (0.57 to 1.09) | 0.84 (0.60 to 1.16) | 1.04 (0.65 to 1.67) | 1.08 (0.66 to 1.76) |
| 0–100 000 population | 0.80 (0.59 to 1.07) | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.22) | 0.80 (0.50 to 1.27) | 0.81 (0.49 to 1.35) |
| Disperse population | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.07) | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.23) | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.40) | 0.86 (0.51 to 1.45) |
*Based on BMI (kg/m2), overweight between BMI≥25 and BMI<30, obesity BMI≥30.
†Multiple binomial regression. In the adjustment of the PRs, in addition to the covariates in the table, the usual intake of kcal/day (continuous), age (continuous) and physical activity compliance (binomial) were included.
‡Estimated with ELCSA scale (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO).36
§Bogotá, Barranquilla, Medellín, Cali.
BMI, body mass index; ELCSA, Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale; ENSIN, Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional.