Prevalence (95% CI) of overweight and obesity for the categories of explanatory covariates in adults 18–64 years old (non-pregnant women), Colombia, ENSIN, 2015
| Variable | n | Overweight* (1497) | n | Obesity* (693) | ||
| % (95% CI) | P value‡ | % (95% CI) | P value‡ | |||
| Usual intake (kcal/day)†: mean±SD | 7153 | 1953±31 | 0.185 | 7846 | 2085±78 | 0.167 |
| Number of meals/day | <0.0001 | 0.001 | ||||
| 3 or fewer | 1559 | 37.8 (33.2 to 42.6) | 1838 | 18.3 (14.9 to 22.2) | ||
| 4 | 1862 | 36.8 (32.1 to 41.8) | 2069 | 12.3 (9.5 to 15.6) | ||
| 5 or more | 3132 | 26.7 (23.8 to 20.9) | 3939 | 10.6 (8.3 to 13.4) | ||
| Sex | 0.435 | 0.527 | ||||
| Males | 3357 | 31.2 (28.0 to 34.6) | 3673 | 13.7 (11.2 to 16.7) | ||
| Females | 3796 | 33.1 (29.9 to 36.6) | 4173 | 12.6 (10.5 to 15.1) | ||
| Age group (years) | 0.436 | 0.711 | ||||
| Young adult (18 to <26) | 1533 | 30.6 (26.0 to 35.6) | 1669 | 13.8 (10.1 to 18.5) | ||
| Older adult (27 to <64) | 5620 | 32.8 (30.2 to 35.5) | 6177 | 12.9 (11.1 to 15.0) | ||
| Physical activity compliance | 0.47 | 0.019 | ||||
| Yes | 5019 | 32.2 (29.3 to 35.3) | 5543 | 14.6 (12.4 to 17.1) | ||
| No | 1770 | 34.1 (30.1 to 38.3) | 1928 | 10.3 (8.0 to 13.1) | ||
| Household members | 0.034 | 0.153 | ||||
| 4 or fewer | 3879 | 34.8 (31.6 to 38.1) | 4336 | 14.3 (12.0 to 16.9) | ||
| 5–6 | 2174 | 27.2 (24.3 to 30.3) | 2338 | 10.8 (8.6 to 13.5) | ||
| 7 or more | 1100 | 31.0 (25.6 to 37.0) | 1172 | 12.0 (8.0 to 17.6) | ||
| Education of head | 0.001 | 0.839 | ||||
| <5 (primary or less) | 2112 | 27.7 (24.6 to 31.0) | 2336 | 13.3 (10.7 to 16.3) | ||
| 5 to <11 | 2426 | 29.9 (26.7 to 33.3) | 2650 | 13.2 (10.1 to 17.0) | ||
| 11 to <16 | 2204 | 36.4 (32.2 to 40.9) | 2393 | 12.3 (9.6 to 15.6) | ||
| ≥16 (university) | 366 | 39.4 (29.9 to 49.7) | 418 | 15.9 (10.0 to 24.1) | ||
| Wealth index, quintiles§ | 0.737 | 0.547 | ||||
| Q1 | 3246 | 29.8 (27.1 to 32.7) | 3554 | 12.5 (10.5 to 14.8) | ||
| Q2 | 1695 | 35.1 (30.9 to 39.4) | 1854 | 14.4 (10.9 to 18.7) | ||
| Q3 | 1399 | 35.6 (30.3 to 41.2) | 1525 | 11.1 (8.1 to 15.2) | ||
| Q4 | 813 | 27.9 (21.9 to 34.8) | 913 | 15.9 (11.3 to 21.9) | ||
| Food insecurity in the home¶ | 0.462 | 0.532 | ||||
| No | 2395 | 33.9 (30.1 to 37.9) | 2660 | 14.9 (11.9 to 18.5) | ||
| Mild | 2536 | 30.9 (27.8 to 34.2) | 2781 | 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) | ||
| Moderate | 1366 | 33.0 (27.9 to 38.6) | 1481 | 13.2 (9.6 to 17.9) | ||
| Severe | 855 | 30.0 (21.7 to 39.9) | 923 | 13.5 (8.8 to 20.3) | ||
| Urbanicity | 0.16 | 0.361 | ||||
| Big cities** | 735 | 36.2 (30.4 to 42.5) | 803 | 13.9 (9.7 to 19.3) | ||
| 100 001–1 000 000 population | 1836 | 31.0 (27.0 to 35.2) | 2043 | 14.3 (11.5 to 17.8) | ||
| 0–100 000 population | 2701 | 31.2 (28.3 to 34.3) | 2960 | 11.4 (9.2 to 14.0) | ||
| Disperse population | 1881 | 30.1 (27.4 to 34.6) | 2040 | 12.3 (9.8 to 15.3) | ||
| Country region | 0.008 | 0.121 | ||||
| Central | 1675 | 29.9 (26.5 to 33.6) | 1856 | 13.8 (10.9 to 17.3) | ||
| Atlantic (North) | 1448 | 28.1 (25.1 to 31.3) | 1602 | 14.6 (11.7 to 18.2) | ||
| Oriental | 1424 | 31.8 (28.2 to 35.5) | 1564 | 13.6 (10.4 to 17.5) | ||
| Pacific (West) | 891 | 36.9 (29.3 to 45.3) | 974 | 14.6 (9.6 to 21.7) | ||
| Bogotá | 472 | 37.0 (29.7 to 44.1) | 495 | 8.1 (4.4 to 14.5) | ||
| Amazonia-Orinoquia | 1243 | 37.8 (33.6 to 42.1) | 1355 | 13.3 (9.6 to 18.2) | ||
n=the analysed sample may be less than 7153 or 7846 due to missing values.
*Based on BMI (kg/m2), overweight between BMI≥25 and BMI<30, obesity BMI≥30.
†Based on 24-hour recall. 1 kcal/day=4.18 kJ/day. Based on usual intake, incorporating intrasubject variability.33
‡Test for linear trend for ordinal predictors.
§The wealth index is a composite measure of a household’s cumulative living standard. The wealth index is calculated using easy-to-collect data on a household’s ownership of selected assets such as televisions and bicycles, materials used for housing construction, type of water supply and sanitation facilities.
¶Estimated with ELCSA scale (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO).36
**Bogotá, Barranquilla, Medellín, Cali.
BMI, body mass index; ELCSA, Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale; ENSIN, Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional.