Participant characteristics
| N (%) or mean±SD | |
| N | 2405 |
| Age, years | 63.8±12.9 |
| Sex | |
| Female | 1544 (64%) |
| Male | 855 (36%) |
| Other/prefer not to say | 6 (0%) |
| Race | |
| White | 1843 (77%) |
| Black or African American | 298 (12%) |
| Asian | 75 (3%) |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | 25 (1%) |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 19 (1%) |
| Other/prefer not to say | 141 (6%) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 167 (7%) |
| Non-Hispanic | 2197 (92%) |
| Prefer not to say | 23 (1%) |
| Marital status | |
| Never married | 387 (16 %) |
| Married | 1069 (45%) |
| Living as married | 62 (3%) |
| Separated | 52 (2%) |
| Divorced | 514 (21%) |
| Widowed | 306 (13%) |
| Employment | |
| Full time | 409 (17%) |
| Part time | 172 (7%) |
| Retired | 1043 (44%) |
| Disabled | 593 (25%) |
| Home maker | 87 (4%) |
| Student | 10 (0%) |
| Unemployed/looking | 80 (3 %) |
| Other/prefer not to say | 3 (0%) |
| Annual household income | |
| <US$15 000 | 652 (27%) |
| US$15 000–US$29 999 | 492 (21%) |
| US$30 000–US$44 999 | 302 (13%) |
| US$450 000–US$59 999 | 229 (10%) |
| US60 000–US$74 999 | 189 (8%) |
| US$75 000–US$99 999 | 189 (8%) |
| >US$100 000 | 305 (13%) |
| Mean no of chronic conditions | 4.1±1.8 |
| Arthritis | 1115 (40%) |
| Asthma | 587 (21%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 359 (13%) |
| Chronic pain | 2204 (79%) |
| Non-gestational diabetes | 1248 (44%) |
| Heart failure | 222 (8%) |
| Hypertension | 2265 (81%) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 117 (4%) |
| Anxiety | 880 (31%) |
| Depression | 1224 (44%) |
| Insomnia | 610 (22%) |
| Substance use disorder | 592 (21%) |
| Neighbourhood characteristics (home census tract) | |
| Social Deprivation Index (higher indicates more deprivation) | 52.6±28.4 |
| Rural | 378 (16%) |
| Population density, persons per square mile | 3917±5998 |
| Primary predictor | |
| Nonresidential destinations | 10.8±14.4 |
| Primary outcomes—PROMIS-29 t-scores | |
| PROMIS-29 Physical Health Summary t-score* | 45.5±9.7 |
| PROMIS-29 Mental Health Summary t-score* | 51.1±8.8 |
| BMI kg/m2 | 31.9±8.7 |
*Higher score is better.
BMI, body mass index; PROMIS-29, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System .