Factors associated with advanced stages at diagnosis among patients with oesophageal cancer from February 2019 to August 2020, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (n=321)
| Patient characteristics | Advanced stage | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
| No (%) | Yes (%) | PR (95% CI) | P value | aPR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 45 (27.1) | 121 (72.9) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 33 (21.3) | 122 (78.7) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.05) | 0.22 | 1.15 (1.01 to 1.31)* | 0.049 |
| Occupation of participants | ||||||
| Private worker | 5 (17.2) | 24 (82.8) | Reference | |||
| Government worker | 13 (35.1) | 24 (64.9) | 0.78 (0.59 to 1.05) | 0.10 | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.02) | 0.07 |
| Housewife | 28 (24.8) | 85 (75.2) | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.11) | 0.34 | 0.89 (0.73 to 1.09) | 0.25 |
| Merchant | 6 (30.0) | 14 (70.0) | 1.03 (0.80 to 1.32) | 0.83 | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.28) | 0.98 |
| Farmer | 29 (23.8) | 93 (76.2) | 0.92 (0.76 to 1.12) | 0.41 | 0.89 (0.74 to 1.09) | 0.29 |
| Marital status of participants during the data collection time | ||||||
| Single | 14 (16.1) | 73 (83.9) | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.30) | 0.02 | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.31)* | 0.015 |
| Married | 64 (27.4) | 170 (72.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Family size in the household | ||||||
| <3 | 6 (37.5) | 10 (62.5) | Reference | |||
| 3–5 | 38 (26.6) | 105 (73.4) | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.04) | 0.10 | 0.82 (0.66 to 1.03) | 0.08 |
| >5 | 38 (23.5) | 124 (76.5) | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.07) | 0.20 | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.07) | 0.19 |
| Cost of one-way transport (US$) | ||||||
| <7 | 28 (31.1) | 62 (68.9) | Reference | |||
| >7 | 50 (21.6) | 181 (78.4) | 1.14 (0.98 to 1.33) | 0.10 | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.30) | 0.15 |
| First medical consultation | ||||||
| Health post | 6 (15.4) | 33 (84.6) | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.32) | 0.22 | 1.11 (0.92 to 1.33) | 0.27 |
| Health centre | 48 (30.6) | 109 (69.4) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.02) | 0.08 | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04) | 0.12 |
| Private clinic | 6 (14.3) | 36 (85.7) | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.27) | 0.52 | 1.05 (0.88 to 1.30) | 0.57 |
| Private hospital | 10 (32.2) | 21 (67.8) | 0.84 (0.64 to 1.11) | 0.21 | 0.83 (0.63 to 1.09) | 0.18 |
| Public hospital | 10 (19.2) | 42 (80.8) | Reference | |||
| Patient delay (>2 months) | ||||||
| No | 31 (40.8) | 45 (59.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 42 (18.2) | 189 (81.8) | 1.38 (1.14 to 1.68) | 0.001 | 1.41 (1.15 to 1.69)* | 0.001 |
| Number of times visited health facilities prior to final diagnosis | ||||||
| <3 | 7 (31.8) | 15 (68.2) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 3–6 | 40 (26.8) | 109 (73.2) | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.45) | 0.65 | 0.89 (0.69 to 1.16) | 0.39 |
| 7–10 | 19 (21.8) | 68 (78.2) | 1.15 (0.84 to 1.56) | 0.38 | 0.93 (0.70 to 1.23) | 0.61 |
| >10 | 12 (19.0) | 51 (81.0) | 1.19 (0.87 to 1.62) | 0.24 | 1.12 (0.85 to 1.46) | 0.43 |
| Symptom interval | ||||||
| <3 months | 12 (36.4) | 21 (63.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 3–6 months | 26 (29.5) | 62 (70.3) | 1.11 (0.83 to 1.48) | 0.49 | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.46) | 0.51 |
| >6 months | 37 (19.7) | 151 (80.3) | 1.26 (0.97 to 1.65) | 0.08 | 1.26 (1.12 to 1.67)* | 0.048 |
* level of confidence
aPR, adjusted PR; PR, prevalence ratio.