Table 3

Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with anaemia at the time of ART initiation among HIV infected adults at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 (n=468)

Characteristics	Frequency		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P value
Characteristics	Anaemic	Not anaemic	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P value
Sex of the patient
Male	86	101	2.30 (1.56 to 3.40)	2.45 (1.51 to 3.98)	<0.001*
Female	77	204	1.00	1.00
Age at enrolment (in years)
15–24	11	40	1.00	1.00
25–34	65	125	1.89 (0.91 to 3.93)	1.96 (0.79 to 4.85)	0.145
35–44	60	97	2.31 (1.10 to 4.85)	1.65 (0.65 to 4.22)	0.295
45+	27	43	2.28 (1.003 to 5.19)	1.65 (0.58 to 4.67)	0.346
Level of education
No education	62	109	1.57 (0.88 to 2.82)	2.38 (1.12 to 5.05)	0.024*
Primary	37	72	1.32 (0.70 to 2.51)	1.69 (0.76 to 3.77)	0.195
Secondary	44	69	1.87 (1.01 to 3.45)	1.88 (0.87 to 4.04)	0.107
College+	20	55	1.00	1.00
Patient’s residence
Rural	118	249	1.67 (1.07 to 2.62)	1.58 (0.91 to 2.75)	0.105
Urban	45	56	1.00	1.00
Family size
≤2 persons	55	132	1.00	1.00
3–4 persons	81	132	1.50 (0.99 to 2.28)	1.30 (0.76 to 2.22)	0.333
≥5 persons	27	41	1.58 (0.89 to 2.82)	1.41 (0.68 to 2.94)	0.352
Pre-ART duration
<6 months	122	210	1.00	1.00
≥6 months	42	94	0.77 (0.50 to 1.17)	0.93 (0.55 to 1.60)	0.807
Presence of past OI
Yes	34	44	1.55 (0.94 to 2.53)	0.88 (0.46 to 1.69)	0.708
No	130	260
CD4+ T cell count at enrolment (cells/μL)
<200	103	60	6.86 (4.49 to 10.49)	4.67 (2.78 to 7.85)	<0.001*
≥200	61	244	1.00	1.00
Body mass index (kg/m²)
<18.5	78	56	3.85 (2.49 to 5.93)	2.43 (1.42 to 4.16)	0.001*
18.5–24.9	76	210	1.00	1.00
>24.9	10	38	0.73 (0.35 to 1.53)	1.26 (0.54 to 2.93)	0.593
WHO clinical staging
Stage I	43	158	1.00	1.00
Stage II	35	86	1.49 (0.89 to 2.51)	0.94 (0.51 to 1.73)	0.850
Stage III/IV	86	60	5.27 (3.29 to 8.44)	1.78 (0.96 to 3.30)	0.068
Functional status at enrolment
Working	93	277	1.00	1.00
Ambulatory/bedridden	71	27	7.83 (4.74 to 12.93)	2.69 (1.41 to 5.12)	0.003*

*Significance at a p value of <0.05.
AOR, adjusted OR; ART, antiretroviral therapy; COR, crude OR; OI, opportunistic infection.