Table 3

Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with anaemia at the time of ART initiation among HIV infected adults at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018 (n=468)

CharacteristicsFrequencyCOR (95% CI)AOR (95% CI)P value
AnaemicNot anaemic
Sex of the patient
 Male861012.30 (1.56 to 3.40)2.45 (1.51 to 3.98)<0.001*
 Female772041.001.00
Age at enrolment (in years)
 15–2411401.001.00
 25–34651251.89 (0.91 to 3.93)1.96 (0.79 to 4.85)0.145
 35–4460972.31 (1.10 to 4.85)1.65 (0.65 to 4.22)0.295
 45+27432.28 (1.003 to 5.19)1.65 (0.58 to 4.67)0.346
Level of education
 No education621091.57 (0.88 to 2.82)2.38 (1.12 to 5.05)0.024*
 Primary37721.32 (0.70 to 2.51)1.69 (0.76 to 3.77)0.195
 Secondary44691.87 (1.01 to 3.45)1.88 (0.87 to 4.04)0.107
 College+20551.001.00
Patient’s residence
 Rural1182491.67 (1.07 to 2.62)1.58 (0.91 to 2.75)0.105
 Urban45561.001.00
Family size
 ≤2 persons551321.001.00
 3–4 persons811321.50 (0.99 to 2.28)1.30 (0.76 to 2.22)0.333
 ≥5 persons27411.58 (0.89 to 2.82)1.41 (0.68 to 2.94)0.352
Pre-ART duration
 <6 months1222101.001.00
 ≥6 months42940.77 (0.50 to 1.17)0.93 (0.55 to 1.60)0.807
Presence of past OI
 Yes34441.55 (0.94 to 2.53)0.88 (0.46 to 1.69)0.708
 No130260
CD4+ T cell count at enrolment (cells/μL)
 <200103606.86 (4.49 to 10.49)4.67 (2.78 to 7.85)<0.001*
 ≥200612441.001.00
Body mass index (kg/m2)
 <18.578563.85 (2.49 to 5.93)2.43 (1.42 to 4.16)0.001*
 18.5–24.9762101.001.00
 >24.910380.73 (0.35 to 1.53)1.26 (0.54 to 2.93)0.593
WHO clinical staging
 Stage I431581.001.00
 Stage II35861.49 (0.89 to 2.51)0.94 (0.51 to 1.73)0.850
 Stage III/IV86605.27 (3.29 to 8.44)1.78 (0.96 to 3.30)0.068
Functional status at enrolment
 Working932771.001.00
 Ambulatory/bedridden71277.83 (4.74 to 12.93)2.69 (1.41 to 5.12)0.003*
  • *Significance at a p value of <0.05.

  • AOR, adjusted OR; ART, antiretroviral therapy; COR, crude OR; OI, opportunistic infection.