Summary of the results for the primary and secondary exposures of interest
| Characteristic | Non-severe COVID-19 (n=71) | Severe COVID-19 (n=170) | P value | Missing data, n (%) |
| Primary exposures | ||||
| Caucasian, n (%) | 44 (57.1) | 97 (55.7) | 0.891 | 0 |
| Non-caucasian, n (%) | 33 (42.9) | 77 (44.3) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 44 (57.1) | 103 (59.2) | 0.781 | 2 (0.797) |
| CCI first quartile (1–4), n (%) | 11 (14.3) | 26 (14.9) | 0.580 | 0 |
| CCI second quartile (5,6), n (%) | 25 (32.5) | 44 (25.3) | ||
| CCI third quartile (7), n (%) | 13 (16.9) | 40 (23.0) | ||
| CCI fourth quartile (≥8), n (%) | 28 (36.4) | 64 (36.8) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 27.7 (23.6–31.4) | 28.5 (24.2–34.5) | 0.148 | 24 (9.56) |
| Deprivation rank first quartile, n (%) | 17 (22.1) | 46 (26.4) | 0.033* | 5 (1.99) |
| Deprivation rank second quartile, n (%) | 17 (22.1) | 47 (27.0) | ||
| Deprivation rank third quartile, n (%) | 15 (19.5) | 44 (25.3) | ||
| Deprivation rank fourth quartile, n (%) | 28 (36.4) | 32 (18.4) | ||
| Secondary exposures | ||||
| Previous renal transplant, n (%) | 6 (7.80) | 23 (13.2) | 0.285 | 2 (0.797) |
| Immunosuppressant therapy, n (%) | 5 (6.50) | 20 (11.5) | 0.246 | 83 (33.1) |
| Vitamin D supplementation, n (%) | 46 (59.7) | 134 (77.0) | 0.005* | 5 (1.99) |
| RAAS blockade | 7 (9.10) | 22 (12.6) | 0.523 | 0 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L, mean (SD) | 108 (±15) | 103 (±16) | 0.029* | 2 (0.797) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm/Hg, mean (SD) | 142 (±25) | 136 (±28) | 0.074 | 6 (2.39) |
*Denotes statistical significance (p<0.05), determined by unadjusted analysis.
BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; RAAS, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system.