Concentration of relative social and COVID-19 vulnerability by immigrant status and California census region
| Region* | US-born citizens | Naturalised citizens | Legal permanent residents (LPR) | Documented temporary visa holders† | Undocumented immigrants† | Region average‡ |
| Superior California | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1.0 |
| North Coast | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2.0 |
| San Francisco Bay Area | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1.2 |
| Northern San Joaquin Valley | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1.4 |
| Central Coast | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1.2 |
| Southern San Joaquin Valley | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2.0 |
| Inland Empire | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2.0 |
| Los Angeles County | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1.8 |
| Orange County | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1.6 |
| San Diego-Imperial | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1.4 |
| Immigrant status group average‡ | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 1.6 |
Values indicate the number of vulnerability themes scoring in the top 75th percentile across 50 nativity/immigration status-region groups. Higher numbers indicate higher relative vulnerability. The maximum possible value is 6. Sample is limited to adults aged 18 and over.
Data source: Restricted data from the California Health Interview Survey (2015–2020).
*California’s 2020 census regions. Source: https://census.ca.gov/regions/.
†Distinction between documented temporary visa holders and undocumented immigrants for years 2017–2020 is derived from multiple imputation using complete data in years 2015 and 2016.
‡Unweighted average of the number of vulnerability themes scoring in the top 75th percentile.