The association between children’s nutritional status and factors with p values<0.2
| No | Factors (number of children) | The number of children (%) | P value | |||
| Overweight | Obesity | Overweight or obesity | ||||
| 1 | Child’s sex | Male (373) | 84 (22.52) | 89 (23.86) | 173 (46.38) | <0.0001 |
| Female (409) | 85 (20.78) | 23 (5.62) | 108 (26.41) | |||
| 2 | School type | Public (557) | 119 (21.36) | 71 (12.75) | 190 (34.11) | 0.1121 |
| Private (225) | 50 (22.22) | 41 (18.22) | 91 (40.44) | |||
| 3 | Number of children in the family | 1 (62) | 17 (27.42) | 15 (24.19) | 32 (51.61) | 0.0583 |
| 2 (571) | 118 (20.67) | 81 (14.19) | 199 (34.85) | |||
| 3 (125) | 28 (22.40) | 13 (10.40) | 41 (32.80) | |||
| >3 (24) | 6 (25.00) | 3 (12.50) | 9 (37.5) | |||
| 4 | People living with the child | Child’s mother and father (695) | 143 (20.58) | 95 (13.67) | 238 (34.24) | 0.0021* |
| Only child’s father (9) | 4 (44.44) | 4 (44.44) | 8 (88.89) | |||
| Only child’s mother (36) | 11 (30.56) | 6 (16.67) | 17 (47.22) | |||
| Others (42) | 11 (26.19) | 7 (16.67) | 18 (42.86) | |||
| 5 | Father’s education | Under secondary (23) | 2 (8.70) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (8.70) | 0.0390 |
| Secondary (74) | 19 (25.68) | 10 (13.51) | 29 (39.19) | |||
| High school (238) | 48 (20.17) | 30 (12.61) | 78 (32.77) | |||
| University (367) | 83 (22.62) | 59 (16.08) | 142 (38.69) | |||
| Post university (80) | 17 (21.25) | 13 (16.25) | 30 (37.50) | |||
| 6 | Father’s occupation | Blue-collar worker (515) | 107 (20.78) | 66 (12.82) | 173 (33.59) | 0.0693 |
| White-collar worker (267) | 62 (23.22) | 46 (17.23) | 108 (40.45) | |||
| 7 | Mother’s education | Under secondary (18) | 2 (11.11) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (11.11) | 0.0851 |
| Secondary (81) | 18 (22.22) | 8 (9.88) | 26 (32.10) | |||
| High school (215) | 45 (20.93) | 26 (12.09) | 71 (33.02) | |||
| University (404) | 90 (22.28) | 69 (17.08) | 159 (39.36) | |||
| Post university (64) | 14 (21.88) | 9 (14.06) | 23 (35.94) | |||
| 8 | Mother’s occupation | Blue-collar worker (438) | 82 (18.72) | 54 (12.33) | 136 (31.05) | 0.0017 |
| White-collar worker (344) | 87 (25.29) | 58 (16.86) | 145 (42.15) | |||
| 9 | Family income per month in 2020** | <10 (284) | 52 (18.31) | 29 (10.21) | 81 (28.52) | 0.0011 |
| 10–19.99 (312) | 70 (22.44) | 44 (14.10) | 114 (36.54) | |||
| 20–29.99 (131) | 36 (27.48) | 27 (20.61) | 63 (48.09) | |||
| 30 or more (55) | 11 (20.00) | 12 (21.82) | 23 (41.82) | |||
| 10 | Eating confectionery, sweet foods | Never/rarely (125) | 34 (27.20) | 24 (19.20) | 58 (46.40) | 0.0172 |
| Sometimes (549) | 115 (20.95) | 76 (13.84) | 191 (34.79) | |||
| Usually/every day (108) | 20 (18.52) | 12 (11.11) | 32 (29.63) | |||
| 11 | Time of playing sports | Less than 1 hour/week (393) | 76 (19.34) | 50 (12.72) | 126 (32.06) | 0.0260 |
| From 1 hour to 3 hours/week (284) | 78 (27.46) | 44 (15.49) | 122 (42.96) | |||
| More than 3 hours/week (105) | 26 (24.76) | 22 (20.95) | 48 (45.71) | |||
| 12 | Mode of transport to school | On foot (78) | 16 (20.51) | 9 (11.54) | 25 (32.05) | 0.0416 |
| Bicycle (153) | 26 (16.99) | 17 (11.11) | 43 (28.10) | |||
| Motorbike/car/bus (551) | 127 (23.05) | 86 (15.61) | 213 (38.66) | |||
| 13 | Time of sedentary activities | Less than 1 hour/day (314) | 59 (18.79) | 43 (13.69) | 102 (32.48) | 0.1763 |
| From 1 hour to 2 hours/day (398) | 85 (21.36) | 64 (16.08) | 149 (37.44) | |||
| More than 2 hours/day (70) | 25 (35.71) | 5 (7.14) | 30 (42.86) | |||
*Using Fisher’s exact test. P values were calculated using the χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test to analyse the association between the nutritional status (overweight/obese and normal/thin) and risk factors.
†Unit: million Vietnam dongs. Exchange rate: 1 million Vietnam dongs=42.828US$.
Rarely, 1–3 days/month or 1 day/week; Sometimes, 2–4 days/week; Usually, 5–6 days/week.