OR (95% CI) for the association of serum 25(OH)D concentrations with Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic-associated gene A seropositivity
| Effect modifier | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
| Overall | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99)* | 1.02 (0.99 to1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to1.04) |
| Age group (years) | |||
| 20–29 | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) |
| 30–39 | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.06) |
| 40–49 | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.03) |
| 50–59 | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04) |
| 60–69 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99)* | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) |
| 70–79 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) |
| ≥80 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.05) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
| Female | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99)* | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03)* | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03)* |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) |
| Mexican American | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
| Other | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15)* | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.16)* |
| Place of birth | |||
| 50 United States | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98)* | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
| Mexico | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | –† | –† |
| Other | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09)* | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.14)* | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.15)* |
| Education level | |||
| Less than high school | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| High school | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) |
| High school above | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99)* | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Never | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99)* | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) |
| < 1 time/month | 0.96 (0.92 to 0.99)* | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99)* | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99)* |
| 2~4 times/month | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99)* | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) |
| > 4 times/month | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Hemoglobin level | |||
| Quartile 1 | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Quartile 2 | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) |
| Serum ferritin level | |||
| Quartile 1 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Quartile 2 | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99)* | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
| Serum folate level | |||
| Quartile 1 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| Quartile 2 | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.98)* | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
| Quartile 4 | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| Serum vitamin E level | |||
| Quartile 1 | 0.98 (0.97 to 1.00) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Quartile 2 | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
| Serum β-carotene level | |||
| Quartile 1 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) |
| Quartile 2 | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) |
Factors were not adjusted when they were used as effect modifiers.
*Statistically significant associations (p value<0.05).
†The model failed because of the small sample size of other covariates in this stratum.