Demographic characteristics (matched)
| Variable | Matched | |||
| Without PFO (n=1747) | With PFO (n=880) | SMD | P | |
| Propensity score | 0.2404 (0.0370) | 0.2411 (0.0379) | 0.0004 | 0.6645 |
| Mean (SD) age, years | 50.37 (7.53) | 50.28 (7.51) | 0.0090 | 0.7850 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.0128 | 0.7710 | ||
| Female | 1323 (75.75) | 665 (75.59) | ||
| Male | 424 (24.25) | 215 (24.41) | ||
| BMI, n (%) | 0.9760 | |||
| Underweight | 39 (2.21) | 20 (2.33) | 0.0108 | |
| Normal | 923 (52.81) | 463 (52.59) | ||
| Overweight | 618 (35.37) | 312 (35.41) | 0.0107 | |
| Obesity | 168 (9.61) | 85 (9.67) | 0.0146 | |
| Educational level, n (%) | 0.9880 | |||
| Primary | 503 (28.77) | 254 (28.86) | ||
| Middle | 874 (50.04) | 439 (49.84) | 0.0152 | |
| High | 277 (15.88) | 140 (15.87) | 0.0118 | |
| Advanced | 93 (5.31) | 48 (5.44) | 0.0128 | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 283 (16.19) | 143 (16.22) | 0.0113 | 0.8218 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 263 (15.08) | 134 (15.24) | 0.0126 | 0.7824 |
| Tea, n (%) | 453 (25.90) | 231 (26.28) | 0.0147 | 0.7437 |
| Coffee, n (%) | 27 (1.55) | 14 (1.63) | 0.0090 | 0.8082 |
| Sleep quality, mean (SD) | 3.70 (2.41) | 3.71 (2.46) | 0.0137 | 0.8725 |
| Anxiety, mean (SD) | 1.06 (2.39) | 1.09 (2.41) | 0.0108 | 0.7587 |
| Depression, mean (SD) | 1.07 (2.20) | 1.10 (2.13) | 0.0096 | 0.8023 |
| Family migraine, n (%) | 266 (15.21) | 141 (15.98) | 0.0111 | 0.6238 |
| MO, n (%) | 142 (8.12) | 113 (12.79) | 0.0004 | |
BMI, body mass index; MO, migraine without aura; PFO, patent foramen ovale; SMD, standardised mean difference.