Table 7

Change in outcomes between baseline and 8 weeks and baseline and 12 weeks

Outcome	Baseline (n=30)	8 weeks (n=27)	Change; 8 weeks—baseline (n=27)	12 weeks (n=27)	Change; 12 weeks—baseline (n=27)
Outcome	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean difference (95% CI); p value	Mean (SD)	Mean difference (95% CI); p value
ARAT* (0–57)	15.9 (17.5)	16.2 (17.3)	0.17 (−0.86 to 1.21); 0.743	18.2 (19.1)	0.63 (−0.97 to 2.23); 0.440
FMA-UE (0–66)	32.6 (16.4)	35.2 (17.6)	2.68 (0.86 to 4.49); 0.004	34.4 (17.8)	1.49 (−0.38 to 3.37); 0.118
SIPSO; total score (0–40)	21.9 (9.3)	23.5 (9.3)	1.18 (−0.81 to 3.18); 0.245	24.3 (8.1)	2.17 (0.32 to 4.01); 0.021
MAL (0–5)	0.89 (1.19)	1.08 (1.16)	0.19 (0.06 to 0.32); 0.004	1.10 (1.19)	0.13 (−0.02 to 0.28); 0.080
MMAS (0–5)	2.0 (1.0)	1.8 (1.0)	−0.16 (−0.38 to 0.06); 0.157	2.1 (1.1)	0.08 (−0.19 to 0.35); 0.560
EuroQol-5D-5L; utility score	0.49 (0.32)	0.56 (0.30)	0.07 (−0.009 to 0.142); 0.088	0.54 (0.32)	0.44 (−0.02 to 0.10); 0.145
Shoulder flexion†	121.3 (18.2)	123.8 (19.4)	3.09 (−2.17 to 8.37); 0.249	119.9 (21.2)	−0.26 (−7.31 to 6.77); 0.940
Shoulder external rotation*†	34.0 (19.9)	41.5 (16.7)	7.10 (2.36 to 11.84); 0.003	40.6 (16.4)	6.52 (0.02 to 13.03); 0.049
Shoulder abduction†	107.6 (17.0)	111.1 (19.3)	3.21 (−2.00 to 8.42); 0.228	108.7 (19.7)	1.48 (−4.66 to 7.63); 0.636
Elbow flexion†	142.3 (8.7)	145.9 (5.6)	3.28 (0.44 to 6.12); 0.024	148.4 (6.3)	6.00 (3.20 to 8.80); <0.001
Elbow extension†	−4.26 (10.84)	−4.14 (12.06)	0.54 (−1.94 to 3.03); 0.669	−4.29 (11.00)	0.39 (−1.79 to 2.58); 0.724
Wrist extension†	58.5 (29.1)	67.1 (19.6)	10.18 (1.31 to 19.05); 0.024	67.81 (23.22)	10.9 (1.8 to 20.1); 0.019

*n=26 at 12 weeks.
†Passive range of movement, degrees.
ARAT, Action Research Arm Test; FMA-UE, Fugl-Meyer Assessment–upper extremity; MAL, Motor Activity Log; MMAS, Modified Modified Ashworth Scale; SIPSO, Subjective Index of Physical and Social Outcome.