Association of sociodemographic factors with diabetes mellitus (DM)
| Variables and characteristics | No of participants | Proportion with DM (%) | Odds of having DM | |
| COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |||
| Age | ||||
| 20–39 | 4046 | 115 (3.0) | 1 | 1 |
| 40–59 | 4723 | 469 (10.4) | 3.7 (2.9 to 4.9)*** | 3.1 (2.3 to 4.2)*** |
| 60 years and above | 2508 | 300 (13.3) | 4.9 (3.7 to 6.5)*** | 4.7 (3.3 to 6.6)*** |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 6952 | 436 (6.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 4325 | 448 (11.0) | 1.7 (1.5 to 2.0)*** | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6)** |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Disadvantaged janajatis | 1130 | 68 (6.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Dalits | 2369 | 151 (6.7) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9) |
| Disadvantaged non-dalit terai caste groups | 1690 | 127 (8.4) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1)* |
| Religious minorities | 285 | 38 (17.5) | 2.9 (1.7 to 5.0)*** | 2.4 (1.2 to 4.7)* |
| Relatively advantaged janajatis | 1884 | 210 (11.9) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.5)*** | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) |
| Upper caste groups | 3919 | 290 (7.8) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate/no formal schooling | 6128 | 535 (8.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Below secondary (<10 years) | 2548 | 196 (7.9) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| Secondary and above (≥10 years) | 2601 | 274 (10.1) | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6)** | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8)* |
| Province | ||||
| Karnali province | 565 | 16 (3.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Province 1 | 1909 | 134 (7.7) | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.2)* | 2.2 (1.1 to 4.4)* |
| Province 2 | 1845 | 138 (8.5) | 2.8 (1.3 to 5.8)** | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.7) |
| Bagmati province | 2820 | 298 (11.5) | 3.9 (1.9 to 8.0)*** | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.5) |
| Gandaki province | 1249 | 79 (6.7) | 2.2 (1.0 to 4.6)* | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.3) |
| Lumbini | 1905 | 170 (9.6) | 3.2 (1.5 to 6.6)** | 1.9 (0.9 to 3.8) |
| Sudurpaschim province | 984 | 49 (5.2) | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.8) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.5) |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 5663 | 277 (5.5) | 1 | 1 |
| Urban | 5614 | 607 (11.3) | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.7)*** | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.2)*** |
*P<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
AOR, adjusted OR; COR, crude OR.