Table 4

Multivariable Poisson regression of incident hypertension on sociodemographic, health and behavioural risk factors, and HIV and ART status among those completing both time points (n=581)

	aIRR	95% CI		P value
	aIRR	Lower	Upper	P value
Gender
Male	1
Female	0.854	0.533	1.369	0.512
Age groups
40–49	1
50–59	1.846	1.183	2.879	0.007
60–69	2.128	1.281	3.535	0.004
70–79	2.339	1.256	4.356	0.007
80+	2.139	0.978	4.676	0.057
Education
None	1
Less than secondary	1.124	0.765	1.652	0.552
Secondary or more	0.754	0.368	1.542	0.439
Union status
Not in union	1
In union	0.939	0.662	1.332	0.724
SES*
Low	1
Middle	0.97	0.647	1.454	0.883
High	0.812	0.519	1.269	0.36
Employment status
Not employed	1
Employed	1.604	1.064	2.419	0.024
Smoking history
Never	1
Prior	0.727	0.34	1.554	0.411
Current	0.661	0.345	1.267	0.213
Alcohol use
Not in past 30 days	1
Less than weekly	0.751	0.358	1.574	0.448
Weekly	1.111	0.668	1.846	0.685
Physical activity†
Low	1
Moderate	0.77	0.434	1.365	0.371
High	0.56	0.309	1.015	0.056
High waist circumference‡
No	1
Yes	1.448	0.975	2.149	0.066
Diabetes§
No	1
Yes	0.907	0.392	2.102	0.82
High triglycerides¶
No	1
Yes	1.34	0.956	1.877	0.089
HIV and ART status
Negative	1
Positive, not on ART	0.484	0.301	0.778	0.003
Positive, on ART	0.462	0.197	1.082	0.075

*Based on a household asset index score.
†Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
‡Greater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women.
§Blood glucose greater than or equal to 11.1.
¶Greater than or equal to 1.7 mmol/L.
aIRR, adjusted incidence rate ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; SES, socioeconomic status.