Multivariable Poisson regression of incident hypertension on sociodemographic, health and behavioural risk factors, and HIV and ART status among those completing both time points (n=581)
aIRR | 95% CI | P value | ||
Lower | Upper | |||
Gender | ||||
Male | 1 | |||
Female | 0.854 | 0.533 | 1.369 | 0.512 |
Age groups | ||||
40–49 | 1 | |||
50–59 | 1.846 | 1.183 | 2.879 | 0.007 |
60–69 | 2.128 | 1.281 | 3.535 | 0.004 |
70–79 | 2.339 | 1.256 | 4.356 | 0.007 |
80+ | 2.139 | 0.978 | 4.676 | 0.057 |
Education | ||||
None | 1 | |||
Less than secondary | 1.124 | 0.765 | 1.652 | 0.552 |
Secondary or more | 0.754 | 0.368 | 1.542 | 0.439 |
Union status | ||||
Not in union | 1 | |||
In union | 0.939 | 0.662 | 1.332 | 0.724 |
SES* | ||||
Low | 1 | |||
Middle | 0.97 | 0.647 | 1.454 | 0.883 |
High | 0.812 | 0.519 | 1.269 | 0.36 |
Employment status | ||||
Not employed | 1 | |||
Employed | 1.604 | 1.064 | 2.419 | 0.024 |
Smoking history | ||||
Never | 1 | |||
Prior | 0.727 | 0.34 | 1.554 | 0.411 |
Current | 0.661 | 0.345 | 1.267 | 0.213 |
Alcohol use | ||||
Not in past 30 days | 1 | |||
Less than weekly | 0.751 | 0.358 | 1.574 | 0.448 |
Weekly | 1.111 | 0.668 | 1.846 | 0.685 |
Physical activity† | ||||
Low | 1 | |||
Moderate | 0.77 | 0.434 | 1.365 | 0.371 |
High | 0.56 | 0.309 | 1.015 | 0.056 |
High waist circumference‡ | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.448 | 0.975 | 2.149 | 0.066 |
Diabetes§ | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.907 | 0.392 | 2.102 | 0.82 |
High triglycerides¶ | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.34 | 0.956 | 1.877 | 0.089 |
HIV and ART status | ||||
Negative | 1 | |||
Positive, not on ART | 0.484 | 0.301 | 0.778 | 0.003 |
Positive, on ART | 0.462 | 0.197 | 1.082 | 0.075 |
*Based on a household asset index score.
†Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
‡Greater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women.
§Blood glucose greater than or equal to 11.1.
¶Greater than or equal to 1.7 mmol/L.
aIRR, adjusted incidence rate ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; SES, socioeconomic status.