Table 4

Multivariable Poisson regression of incident hypertension on sociodemographic, health and behavioural risk factors, and HIV and ART status among those completing both time points (n=581)

aIRR95% CIP value
LowerUpper
Gender
 Male1
 Female0.8540.5331.3690.512
Age groups
 40–491
 50–591.8461.1832.8790.007
 60–692.1281.2813.5350.004
 70–792.3391.2564.3560.007
 80+2.1390.9784.6760.057
Education
 None1
 Less than secondary1.1240.7651.6520.552
 Secondary or more0.7540.3681.5420.439
Union status
 Not in union1
 In union0.9390.6621.3320.724
SES*
 Low1
 Middle0.970.6471.4540.883
 High0.8120.5191.2690.36
Employment status
 Not employed1
 Employed1.6041.0642.4190.024
Smoking history
 Never1
 Prior0.7270.341.5540.411
 Current0.6610.3451.2670.213
Alcohol use
 Not in past 30 days1
 Less than weekly0.7510.3581.5740.448
 Weekly1.1110.6681.8460.685
Physical activity†
 Low1
 Moderate0.770.4341.3650.371
 High0.560.3091.0150.056
High waist circumference‡
 No1
 Yes1.4480.9752.1490.066
Diabetes§
 No1
 Yes0.9070.3922.1020.82
High triglycerides¶
 No1
 Yes1.340.9561.8770.089
HIV and ART status
 Negative1
 Positive, not on ART0.4840.3010.7780.003
 Positive, on ART0.4620.1971.0820.075
  • *Based on a household asset index score.

  • †Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

  • ‡Greater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women.

  • §Blood glucose greater than or equal to 11.1.

  • ¶Greater than or equal to 1.7 mmol/L.

  • aIRR, adjusted incidence rate ratio; ART, antiretroviral therapy; SES, socioeconomic status.