Between-subject design
Source, year | Country | Population studied | Sample size | Methods of measurement | Conclusion |
Riis et al, 200533 | USA | Patients with end-stage renal failure (average of 3.3 years on dialysis) receiving haemodialysis treatment compared with healthy individuals imagining life under haemodialysis | 49 patients, 49 healthy controls |
| Healthy individuals predicted a mood decrease of −1. In anticipation of dialysis compared with the measured mood of dialysis patients. Dialysis patients imagined a 0.46 higher mood score when imagining being healthy, which was 0.33 higher compared with the actual mood score of healthy controls. |
Smith et al, 200620 | USA | Current patients with colostomy /ileostomy compared with former patients and to healthy individuals | 195 patients of whom 100 had their colostomy reversed 567 community samples recruited from an Internet panel | Survey including-Quality of Life scale
| Former patients were willing to trade an average of 43 months of their lives in exchange for living without a colostomy, compared with 19 months for current patients. The community sample was willing to trade an average of 44 months. No significant difference was observed in quality of life between current and former patients. |
Smith et al, 2009 (Part 2)17 | USA | Patients waiting for kidney transplant compared with patients after kidney transplant | 307 |
| Improvement in quality of life in post-transplant patients was 12.3 points lower than predicted by pre-transplant patients. |
Peeters et al, 201134 | The Netherlands | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with healthy individuals imagining having RA based on a health state description | 124 patients and 65 healthy individuals recruited by advertisement in newspaper |
| Healthy individuals ranked the EuroQol-5D dimensions 0.75% median lower compared with patients. |
Goranson et al, 201735 | USA | Blogs of terminally ill patients compared with forecasts of everyday people imagining themselves in a similar condition | Cancer: n=20 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: n=5 Healthy: n=45 |
| Healthy forecasters used 1.7% more negative-affect words than terminal patients. This difference was not found in the use of positive-affect words. |
EuroQoL-5D, EuroQoL-5 Dimension.