Table 2

Diagnosis codes for hip fractures in each study site

Study siteCoding systemCodeValidation
AustraliaICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2For all hip fracture records identified by admission, sensitivity was 93%–94% and PPV was 72%–80%17
Hong KongICD9820PPV 100%18
JapanICD10S7200, S7201, S7210, S7211, S7220, S7221, S7230, S7231, S7240, S7241, S7270, S7271, S7290, S7291No study for hip fracture but a small study on subtrochanteric fracture (ICD-10 code S72.2, 11 cases) and femoral shaft fracture (ICD-10 code S72.3, 28 cases) showed sensitivity ~82% and PPV 100%.25
South KoreaICD10S72.0, S72.1Algorithm included (1) age ≥50; (2) ICD-10 codes (S72.0, S72.1); (3) Procedure codes (N0601, N0991, N0981, N0641, N0652, N0654, N0715).
Sensitivity (93.1%), PPV (77.4%)26
New ZealandICD10ICD10: S72.0, S72.1, S72.2Nil
SingaporeICD9/ICD10ICD9: 820, 820.0, 820.2, 820.8
ICD10: S7200, S7201, S7210, S7211, S7220, S7221
Nil
TaiwanICD9/ICD10ICD9: 73314, 82003, 82009, 82020, 82021, 82022, 8208
ICD10: M84451A, M84452A, M84459A, M80851A, M80852A, S72001A, S72002A, S72011A, S72012A, S72041A, S72042A, S72052A, S72091A, S72092A, S72101A, S72102A, S72111A, S72112A, S72121A, S72122A, S72141A, S72142A, S72144A, S72145A, S7221XA, S7222XA
99% (unpublished)
ThailandICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2, S32.4Nil
DenmarkICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2PPV was 90%, 92% and 83% for fracture of the neck of femur, trochanteric fracture, and subtrochanteric fracture, respectively. Joining trochanteric and subtrochanteric fracture resulted in a PPV of 97%27
FinlandICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2Sensitivity and PPV for femoral neck fracture 96.7% and 88.1%, for trochanteric fracture 68.6% and 96.0% and subtrochanteric fracture 83.3% and 62.5%19
FranceICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2Nil
GermanyICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2Nil
ItalyICD9820Nil
NetherlandsICPCL75, L75.01Nil
SpainICD9820Nil
UKICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2Nil
BrazilICD10S72.0, S72.1, S72.2Nil
CanadaICD9/ICD10ICD9: 820
ICD10: S72.0, S72.1, S72.2
Validation has been done in one province (Manitoba). No significance difference in ascertainment between administrative data and clinically validated cases28
US (Medicare)
US (Optum)
ICD9/ICD10820/S72.0, S72.1, S72.2Nil (The algorithm has been used in the literature and many research projects although it has not been formally validated. We believe the accuracy is good because (1) most hip fractures need hospitalisation and (2) the diagnosis codes in Medicare inpatient claims are accurate.)
  • ICD, international classification of diseases; PPV, positive predictive value.