List of participating countries/regions and databases
Country/region | Database | Data nature and healthcare setting | Population coverage | Study period | Denominator | Data source for medical conditions | Data source for medication use | Data source for death |
Asia-Pacific | ||||||||
Victoria, Australia | Linked hospital databases in the State of Victoria | EMR data from all Victorian public and private hospitals | 100% (26 % of Australian population) | 2012–2018 | Mid-year population in the state of Victoria | Inpatient diagnosis | Dispensed and reimbursed data from Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme | Death Registry |
Hong Kong | Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System | EMR data from all public hospitals and clinics | 90% | 2005–2018 | Mid-year population in Hong Kong | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Dispensed data in public hospitals and clinics | Death registry |
Japan | Japanese Medical Data Center | Claims data from >200 medical institutions | 6% | 2005–2018 | Number of individuals in the database at start of year | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in pharmacy claims | TBC |
South Korea | Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service | National Claims | 97% | 2008–2018 | Mid-year population in South Korea | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Dispensed data in hospitals and reimbursed data in pharmacy claims | National mortality registration data |
New Zealand | Ministry of Health national databases | National data | 98% | 2005–2018 | Mid-year population in New Zealand | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | National pharmaceutical claims database for all subsidised medicines in New Zealand | National death registration data (mortality dataset) |
Singapore | Singapore Ministry of Health Central Claims Processing System | National Claims, Registries | 100% | 2005–2017 | Mid-year population in Singapore | Inpatient diagnosis | NA | National death registration data |
Taiwan | National Health Insurance Database | National Claims | 99% | 2005–2018 | Mid-year population in Taiwan | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in pharmacy claims | Cause of death registry |
Thailand | Central data from National Health Security Office | National Data | 67% | 2014–2018 | Mid-year population in Thailand | Inpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data | National Data |
Hospital databases | EMR | Varies across hospitals | Varies across hospitals | Mid-year population in EMR | Inpatient diagnosis | Diagnosis and dispensed data | EMR | |
Western Europe | ||||||||
France | SNDS | National Claims | 99% | 2006–2018 | Mid-year population in France | Inpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in outpatients | National death registry |
Germany | German sickness funds (WIG2) | Claims | 5% | 2012–2018 | Mid-year population in Italy | Inpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in pharmacy claims | TBC |
Italy | Pool of databases from 5 different regions (Lazio, Napoli, Umbria, Piemonte, Marche) | Claims | TBC | 2012–2018 (Marche and Umbria) 2015–2018 (Piemonte, Napoli, Lazio) | Mid-year population in Italy | Inpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in pharmacy claims | NA |
Netherlands | Integrated Primary Care Information database | Primary care EMR from >700 general practices (GP) | 10% | 2005–2018 | Number of individuals in the database at start of year | GP diagnosis | GP prescription | NA |
Spain | Spanish Centralized Hospital Discharge Database | EMR in all public and private hospitals | 99.5% | 2005–2018 | Mid-year population in Spain | Inpatient diagnosis | NA | NA |
UK | Clinical Practice Research Datalink | Primary care EMR from >650 GP | 24% | 2005–2018 | Number of individuals in the database at start of year | Inpatient diagnosis | GP prescription | Office for National Statistics |
Northern Europe | ||||||||
Denmark | Danish National Prescription Registry, Danish National Patient Register, Danish Civil Registration system, Cause of Death register | National Registries | 100% | 2005–2018 | Mid-year population in Denmark | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Dispensed data at community pharmacies | National death registry |
Finland | Finnish Prescription Register, Care Register for Health Care, Causes of Death Register | National Registries | 100% | 2005–2018 | Population of Finland at the turn of the year | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in pharmacies | National death registry |
South & North America | ||||||||
Brazil | DATASUS | National Data | 70% | 2005–2018 | Mid-year population in Brazil | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | TBC | National mortality information system |
Canada | The Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System | Physician billing, hospitalisation and prescription drug databases from all Canadian provinces and territories | 97% | incidence, mortality : 2005–2017 Treatment: 2005–2016 *by fiscal year from 1 April to 31 March | Number of individuals with valid health insurance at start of year | Inpatient diagnosis | Provincial /Territorial Drug Plan Databases | Provincial/Territorial Health Registries |
USA | Medicare fee-for-service 20% | National Claims for patients covered by Medicare | Medicare covers more than 90% of population ≥65 years; about 70% in the Medicare fee-for-service programme. The data will be used for this study is a 20% random sample. | 2007–2018 | Number of individuals in the database at start of year | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in pharmacy claims | Medicare death report and national social security death master file |
USA | Optum | Claims database for commercial-insured population | TBC | 2005–2018 | Number of individuals in the database at start of year | Inpatient and outpatient diagnosis | Reimbursed data in pharmacy claims | TBC |
DATASUS, Brazilian Ministry of Health databases; EMR, electronic medical record; NA, not applicable; SNDS, French administrative health care database; TBC, to be confirmed.