Table 3

Candidate predictors of diabetes remission. V1 is study visit 1

Predictor	Units/categories	Variable type	Source data	Previous studies
Age	years	Continuous	Clinical history	46 47 56 57
BMI or weight	kg/m² or kg	Continuous	V1	58 59
C-peptide	pmol/L	Continuous	Mixed meal test	46 56 60
Diabetes duration	years	Continuous	Clinical history	46 56 57 61–65
Fasting plasma glucose	mmol/L	Continuous	Blood test	66
Fat distribution	Visceral fat and android: gynoid fat	Continuous	DEXA, impedance, MRI
Genetic risk score	Weighted genetic risk score	Categorical	DNA V1
HbA1c with medications	mmol/mol	Continuous: will interact with medications since directly affected by them	Blood test	47 57 58 62–65 67–69
HbA1c with medications	Insulin, sulphonylureas, insulin sensitising agents, GLP-1 analogues, DPP-IV inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors		Blood test	47 57 58 62–65 67–69
HOMA 2	Using interactive 24-variable assessment of homoeostatic model using default settings		Mixed meal test	70
Hypertension	Present/absent	Categorical	Medical history, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring
Hypertension	Controlled by 1–5 agents	Categorical	Medical history, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring
Insulinogenic index	δinsulin (0–30 min) / δglucose (0–30 min)	Continuous	Mixed meal test
Presence of fatty liver disease as assessed by non-invasive markers	NAFLD liver fat score, fatty liver index, FIB-4	Categorical	Medical history, MRI, non-invasive markers including liver function tests	71
Presence of diabetes complications	Microvascular disease (including subgroups)	Categorical	Clinical history, microalbumin: creatinine, retinal imaging and clinical examination.	56
Presence of diabetes complications	Macrovascular disease (including subgroups)	Categorical		56
Presence of ectopic fat	% liver fat	Continuous	MRI	72
	% muscle fat
	% pancreatic fat
Sex	Male/female	Categorical	Clinical history
TCI-R scoring	Novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence	Continuous	V1
Waist:hip ratio	Measured in cm	Continuous	V1

DPP-IV, Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ; FIB-4, Fibrosis-4 score; GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide 1; HOMA, Homeostatic model assessment; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; SGLT-2, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2; TCI-R, Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised.