Acquired MR sequences, potential quantitative neuroimaging measurement outcomes and associated physiological changes
| Outcome | Associated physiological change(s) | |
| 3D-T1 | Structural brain volumes; infarct detection | Atrophy |
| FLAIR | White matter hyperintensity volume, detection of lesions presumed vascular in origin | Inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, axonal loss |
| rs-fMRI | Functional connectivity | Network changes in brain regions with synchronous activity |
| DWI | FA, MD, RD, PSMD, structural connectivity | Microstructural changes in white matter |
| T1 mapping | Regional T1 relaxation values | Change in local biochemical environment for example, lipid, haemosiderin |
| T2 mapping | Regional T2 relaxation values | Diffuse inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, axonal loss |
| QSM | Regional relative magnetic susceptibility values; regional R2* values; detection of cerebral microbleeds | Iron concentration, bleeding |
| pcASL | Cerebral blood perfusion (CBF) | Tissue perfusion |
BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent; CBF, cerebral blood flow; 3D-T1, 3D T1-weighted; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; FA, fractional anisotropy; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery; MD, mean diffusivity; MR, magnetic resonance; NEX, number of excitations; pcASL, pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling; PSMD, peak skeletonised mean diffusivity; QSM, quantitative susceptibility mapping; RD, radial diffusivity; rs-fMRI, resting state functional MRI.