Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (n=33)
| Participant characteristics | n or median |
| Gender | |
| Men | 23 |
| Women | 10 |
| Age | |
| 30s | 1 |
| 40s | 12 |
| 50s | 13 |
| ≥60s | 7 |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 11 |
| Unmarried | 14 |
| Divorced/bereaved | 8 |
| Employment | |
| Full-time work | 19 |
| Part-time work | 7 |
| Retired/not working | 7 |
| Highest education | |
| High school | 15 |
| Technical/junior college | 9 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 9 |
| Duration of diabetes: years | |
| 0–10 | 23 |
| 11–20 | 9 |
| ≥21 | 1 |
| Primary treatment | |
| Lifestyle changes | 3 |
| Oral hypoglycaemic agents | 28 |
| Insulin injections | 0 |
| Insulin injections and oral hypoglycaemic agents | 2 |
| HbA1c | |
| mmol/mol IFCC (range) | 51 (38–62) |
| % NGSP (range) | 6.8 (5.6–7.8) |
| No of diabetes-related complications | |
| 0 | 23 |
| ≥1 | 10 |
HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.