Table 1

Outcome measures at each time point

Time (weeks) from start of dietary intervention	Screening	Pre-baseline	Baseline		Study period				Close-out
Time (weeks) from start of dietary intervention	-3	-2	−1(D1)	0 (D2)	10	12 (D1)	13 (D2)	35	36 (D1)	37 (D2)
Study food liking and palatability scores
Labelled Affect Magnitude Scale	X								X
Food Action Rating Scale	X								X
Body composition
Height	X	X
Weight (and body mass index)	X	X	X*	X	X	X*	X	X	X*	X
Total and truncal fat mass (DXA)			X			X			X
Total and truncal fat-free mass (DXA)			X			X			X
Visceral adipose tissue (DXA)			X			X			X
Waist circumference			X			X			X
Energy expenditure
Accelerometry		X			X			X
Resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry)			X			X			X
Total daily energy expenditure (doubly labelled water)†		X				X			X
International Physical Activity Questionnaire			X			X			X
Appetite regulation and eating behaviour
Energy intake
4-day food diary		X			X			X
24 hours diet recalls‡							X			X
Fasting and postprandial gut hormones and glucose
Glucagon-like peptide-1				X			X			X
Ghrelin				X			X			X
Leptin				X			X			X
Pancreatic polypeptide				X			X			X
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gastric inhibitory polypeptide)				X			X			X
Peptide tyrosine tyrosine				X			X			X
C-peptide				X			X			X
Cholecystokinin				X			X			X
Glucagon				X			X			X
Glucose				X			X			X
Drive to eat and eating behaviour
Subjective drive to eat (Visual Analogue Scales)—fasting and postprandial				X			X			X
Energy consumed at a buffet meal				X			X			X
Power of Food Survey			X			X			X
Food Craving Scale			X			X			X
Pickiness/Finickiness Questionnaire			X						X
Eating Attitude Test			X			X			X
Control of Eating Questionnaire			X			X			X
Psychology and health
General health, pain, mobility, mood and personality
Short-Form 36 Questionnaire				X			X			X
Profile of Mood States				X			X			X
Perceived Stress Scale		X				X			X
Zung Self-Rating Scale		X				X			X
McGill Pain Scale and Chronic and Acute Pain Scales (Visual Analogue Scales)				X			X			X
Timed up and go (functional mobility)			X			X			X
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire		X
Brief Sensation Seeking Scale		X
Gut health
Faecal microbiome composition		X			X			X
Liver health
Liver ultrasound				X			X			X
Alanine aminotransferase			X			X			X
Aspartate aminotransferase			X			X			X
Alkaline phosphatase			X			X			X
γ-glutamyltransferase			X			X			X
Cardiometabolic health
Blood pressure	X	X	X			X			X
Flash glucose monitoring		X			X			X
Insulin				X			X			X
HOMA				X			X			X
Triglycerides			X	X		X	X		X	X
Cholesterols (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IDL-C and subclasses, lipoprotein (a), oxidised LDL, LDL-C particle size)			X			X			X
Apolipoprotein B			X			X			X
Apolipoprotein A1			X			X			X
Inflammatory markers
F2-isoprostane levels (plasma+urine)			X			X			X
C-reactive protein			X			X			X
Adiponectin			X			X			X
Sleep patterns
Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index			X			X			X
14-day sleep diary		X			X			X
Biomarkers of compliance
Alpha-tocopherol			X			X			X

*Indicates primary outcome timepoints (fasted weight).
†Subsample only.
‡3×24-hour recalls were completed at random intervals between 0–13 weeks and 13–37 weeks.
D1, day 1; D2, day 2; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; IDL-C, intermediate-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.