Table 3

Blood, urine and faecal analysis

ParameterAnalysis methodSample collected (additives)
TCVertical auto profile (VAP II)54Serum
HDL-C+subclassVertical auto profile (VAP II)54Serum
LDL-C+subclassVertical auto profile (VAP II)54Serum
IDL-C+subclassVertical auto profile (VAP II)54Serum
VLDL-C+subclassVertical auto profile (VAP II)54Serum
Lipoprotein(a)Vertical auto profile (VAP II)54Serum
Oxidised LDL-CSolid phase 2-site ELISASerum
LDL particle number and sizeNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy55Serum
TriglycerideKonelab Auto AnalyserPlasma
APOBVertical auto profile (VAP II)54 and patented equations20Serum
APOA1Vertical auto profile (VAP II)54 and patented equations20Serum
hs-CRPKonelab Auto AnalyserSerum
AdiponectinELISASerum
F2-isoprostanesElectron-capture negative-ion gas chromatography–mass spectrometry56Plasma+urine
(butylated hydroxytoluene)
Alpha-tocopherolHigh-performance liquid chromatography using the photo-diode array method60Plasma
ALTAbbott Alinity CSerum
ASTAbbott Alinity CSerum
ALPAbbott Alinity CSerum
GGTAbbott Alinity CSerum
GlucoseKonelab Auto AnalyserPlasma
InsulinMercodia ELISAPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
HOMACalculated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment Calculator V.2.3.3104
GlucagonMultiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
GLP-1Multiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
GhrelinMultiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
LeptinMultiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
Pancreatic polypeptideMultiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
GIPMultiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
PYYMultiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
C-peptideMultiplex analysis systemPlasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
CCKELISA (Ray Biotech)Plasma
(protease inhibitor and DPP-IV)
Total daily energy expenditureDoubly labelled waterUrine
Faecal microbiotaMoBio Powerlyzer Powersoil DNA Isolation KitOMNIgene GUT DNA Stabilization Kit
  • ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APOA1, apolipoprotein A1; APOB, apolipoprotein B; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CCK, cholecystokinin; DPP-IV, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gastric inhibitory polypeptide); GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein; IDL-C, intermediate-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; PYY, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (peptide YY); TC, total cholesterol; VLDL-C, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.