Characteristics of the participants according to the number of conditions evaluated in this study†
| Number of conditions, N (%) | P value | |||
| 0 620 (42.6) | 1 553 (38.0) | ≥2 281 (19.3) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Women | 297 (47.9) | 338 (61.1) | 206 (73.3) | <0.001* |
| Men | 323 (52.1) | 215 (38.9) | 75 (26.7) | |
| Age | ||||
| 65–75 years | 403 (65.0) | 316 (57.1) | 111 (39.5) | <0.001* |
| >75 years | 217 (35.0) | 237 (42.9) | 170 (60.5) | |
| Regional area | ||||
| North/Centre/Lisbon | 527 (85.0) | 443 (80.1) | 246 (87.5) | 0.049* |
| Alentejo/Algarve | 71 (11.5) | 86 (15.6) | 29 (10.3) | |
| Madeira/Azores | 22 (3.5) | 24 (4.3) | 6 (2.1) | |
| Residence | ||||
| Home | 598 (96.5) | 532 (96.2) | 254 (90.4) | <0.001* |
| Institutionalised | 22 (3.5) | 21 (3.8) | 27 (9.6) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single/divorced/widower | 267 (43.1) | 302 (54.6) | 202 (71.9) | <0.001* |
| Married/common-law marriage | 352 (56.9) | 251 (45.4) | 79 (28.1) | |
| Education level | ||||
| Without education | 57 (9.2) | 85 (15.4) | 63 (22.4) | <0.001* |
| 1–4 years | 417 (67.3) | 384 (69.4) | 197 (70.1) | |
| 5–12 years | 100 (16.1) | 67 (12.1) | 17 (6.0) | |
| Higher education | 46 (7.4) | 17 (3.1) | 4 (1.4) | |
| Household income | ||||
| <500€ | 309 (49.8) | 280 (50.6) | 150 (53.4) | <0.001* |
| 500–999€ | 101 (16.3) | 57 (10.3) | 16 (5.7) | |
| ≥1000€ | 133 (21.5) | 124 (22.4) | 41 (14.6) | |
| Does not know or does not declare | 77 (12.4) | 92 (16.6) | 74 (26.3) | |
| Self-perception of health status | ||||
| Very good/good | 248 (40.1) | 170 (30.9) | 44 (15.7) | <0.001* |
| Fair | 305 (49.3) | 283 (51.5) | 127 (45.2) | |
| Poor/very poor | 66 (10.7) | 97 (17.6) | 110 (39.1) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 585 (94.4) | 532 (96.2) | 271 (96.4) | 0.215* |
| Smoker | 35 (5.6) | 21 (3.8) | 10 (3.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| None | 250 (40.5) | 282 (51.0) | 176 (62.6) | <0.001* |
| Moderate (W: ≤1/day; M: ≤2/day) | 295 (47.7) | 215 (38.9) | 87 (31.0) | |
| Excessive (W: >1/day; M: >2/day) | 73 (11.8) | 56 (10.1) | 18 (6.4) | |
| Medication use | ||||
| 0 | 117 (18.9) | 64 (11.6) | 25 (8.9) | <0.001* |
| 1–4 | 363 (58.5) | 321 (58.0) | 126 (44.8) | |
| ≥5 | 107 (17.3) | 122 (22.1) | 92 (32.7) | |
| Unknown | 33 (5.3) | 46 (8.3) | 38 (13.5) | |
| Cognitive function (MMSE) | ||||
| Not impaired | 589 (95.0) | 527 (95.3) | 246 (87.5) | <0.001* |
| Impaired | 31 (5.0) | 26 (4.7) | 35 (12.5) | |
*χ² test.
†Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. Data before multiple imputations. Information was not obtained: marital status n=1 (0.1%); self-perception of health status n=4 (0.3%); alcohol consumption n=2 (0.1%).
M, men; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; W, women.