General characteristics of the participants
| Characteristic | Total participants | ||
| Mood disorder, n (%) | Control, n (%) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 1.000 | ||
| 20–24 | 3880 (6.5) | 15 520 (6.5) | |
| 25–29 | 4595 (7.6) | 18 380 (7.6) | |
| 30–34 | 5269 (8.8) | 21 076 (8.8) | |
| 35–39 | 5799 (9.6) | 23 196 (9.6) | |
| 40–44 | 6160 (10.2) | 24 640 (10.2) | |
| 45–49 | 6443 (10.7) | 25 772 (10.7) | |
| 50–54 | 6147 (10.2) | 24 588 (10.2) | |
| 55–59 | 4995 (8.3) | 19 980 (8.3) | |
| 60–64 | 4628 (7.7) | 18 512 (7.7) | |
| 65–69 | 4419 (7.3) | 17 676 (7.3) | |
| 70–74 | 3677 (6.1) | 14 708 (6.1) | |
| 75–79 | 2298 (3.8) | 9192 (3.8) | |
| 80–84 | 1217 (2.0) | 4868 (2.0) | |
| 85+ | 613 (1.0) | 2452 (1.0) | 1.000 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 20 601 (34.3) | 82 404 (34.3) | |
| Female | 39 539 (65.7) | 158 156 (65.7) | |
| Income | 1.000 | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 9421 (15.7) | 37 684 (15.7) | |
| 2 | 8922 (14.8) | 35 688 (14.8) | |
| 3 | 10 379 (17.3) | 41 516 (17.3) | |
| 4 | 12 933 (21.5) | 51 732 (21.5) | |
| 5 (highest) | 18 485 (30.7) | 73 940 (30.7) | |
| Region of residence | 1.000 | ||
| Urban | 27 608 (45.9) | 110 432 (45.9) | |
| Rural | 32 532 (54.1) | 130 128 (54.1) | |
| Osteoporosis | 13 412 (22.3) | 53 648 (22.3) | 1.000 |
| CCI score* | <0.001† | ||
| 0 | 17 995 (29.9) | 108 159 (45.0) | |
| 1 | 5767 (9.6) | 26 552 (11.0) | |
| ≥2 | 36 378 (60.5) | 105 849 (44.0) | |
| Alzheimer’s dementia | 5364 (8.9) | 8665 (3.6) | <0.001† |
| Spine fracture | 2011 (3.3) | 6795 (2.8) | <0.001† |
*The Charlson Comorbidity Index was calculated.
†χ2 test; significance at p<0.05.