Table 6

Psychometric properties of performance-based tests included in physiotherapy test package

TestType of propertyStatistical testValueInterpretation
PILE-CInter-rater reliabilityMean difference
LoA

  • 0.24

  • 2.46 and 1.82

PILE-CInter-rater reliabilityRepeatability (2X SD) % of rangeM=3.93; F=1.19
M=10.5%; F=6.1%
PILE-CConvergent validitySpearman correlationCR-10: 0.55–0.65*
Borg RPE: 0.10–0.48		Moderate - Strong very weak - moderate
PILE-CDiscriminative: spinal pain vs controlSensitivity and specificity0.93, 0.69Strong – Very Strong
PILE-CDiscriminative: spinal pain vs controlWilcoxon sign ranked testp=0.008Significant
PILE-CDiscriminative: high vs low pain intensityMann-Whitney Up=0.003Significant
PILE-CDiscriminative: high vs low Pain behaviourMann-Whitney Up=0.005Significant
PILE-CDiscriminative: high vs low perceived exertionMann-Whitney Up=0.154Non-significant
PILE-CSensitivity to changeEffect SizeSubjects improving: 0.39–0.73
Subjects deteriorating: 0–0.4		Small – Moderate
Trivial – Small
PILE-LInter-rater reliabilityMean difference
LoA

  • 0.11

  • 2.33 and 2.11

PILE-LIntra-rater reliabilityRepeatability
% of range		M=4.0; F=3.59
M=10.7%; F=18.5%
PILE-LConvergent validitySpearman correlationCR-10: 0.11–0.45
Borg RPE: 0.10–0.48		very weak – moderate very weak – moderate
PILE-LDiscriminative: spinal pain vs no spinal painSensitivity and specificity0.85, 0.65Strong – Very Strong
PILE-LDiscriminative: spinal pain vs controlWilcoxon sign ranked testp=0.002Significant
PILE-LDiscriminative: high vs low pain intensityMann-Whitney Up=0.001Significant
PILE-LDiscriminative: high vs low pain behaviourMann-Whitney Up<0.001Significant
PILE-LDiscriminative: high vs low perceived exertionMann-Whitney Up<0.001Significant
PILE-LSensitivity to changeEffect sizeSubjects improving: 0.02–1.08
Subjects deteriorating
0.42–0.81		Trivial – Large
Small – Large
2×20 m WWBInter-rater reliabilityMean difference
LoA		0.05
−1.33 and 1.43
2×20 m WWBIntra-rater reliabilityRepeatability
% of range		3.2
10.7%
2×20 m WWBConvergent validitySpearman correlationCR-10: 0.55–0.65Borg RPE: 0.10–0.48Moderate - Strong very weak – moderate
2×20 m WWBDiscriminative: spinal pain vs controlWilcoxon sign ranked testp=0.014Significant
2×20 m WWBDiscriminative: high vs low pain intensityMann Whitney Up<0.001Significant
2×20 m WWBDiscriminative: high vs low pain behaviourMann Whitney Up<0.001Significant
2×20 m WWBDiscriminative: high vs low perceived exertionMann Whitney Up<0.001Significant
2×20 m WWBSensitivity to changeEffect sizeSubjects improving: 0.38–0.78
Subjects deteriorating: 0.13–0.62		Small – Moderate
Trivial – Moderate

  • *CR-10: Measurement of pain construct

  • F, Female; KGV, Known-groups Validity; LoA, Limits of Agreement; M, Male; Mod., Moderate; Neg., Negligible;PILE-C, Progressive Iso-intertial Lifting Evaluation – Cervical; PILE-L, Progressive Iso-intertial Lifting Evaluation – Lumbar; RPE, Rating of perceived exertion.