Table 2

Incidence and adjusted HR of outcome by sex, age and comorbidity for clinical vertebral fracture patients compared with controls

Variables	Clinical vertebral fracture						Compared with control
	Clinical vertebral fracture						Compared with control		Yes	No
	Events n	PY	Rate†	Events n	PY	Rate†	Crude HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR‡ (95% CI)
	Aortic dissection
All	286	589 915	4.85	245	614 133	3.99	1.22 (1.02 to 1.44)*	1.23 (1.03 to 1.45)*
Gender
Female	149	322 213	4.62	109	333 909	3.26	1.42 (1.11 to 1.82)**	1.40 (1.09 to 1.79)**
Male	137	267 703	5.12	136	280 224	4.85	1.05 (0.83 to 1.33)	1.08 (0.85 to 1.37)
P for interaction								0.09
Age, years
≤49	19	230 604	0.82	8	229 738	0.35	2.37 (1.04 to 5.40)*	2.37 (1.03 to 5.41)*
50–64	43	139 107	3.09	30	143 099	2.10	1.48 (0.93 to 2.36)	1.45 (0.91 to 2.31)
≥65	224	220 204	10.2	207	241 296	8.58	1.19 (0.99 to 1.44)	1.17 (0.97 to 1.42)
P for interaction								0.29
Comorbidity§
No	117	411 117	2.85	86	421 520	2.04	1.40 (1.06 to 1.85)*	1.38 (1.04 to 1.83)*
Yes	169	178 798	9.45	159	192 612	8.25	1.15 (0.92 to 1.42)	1.14 (0.91 to 1.41)
P for interaction								0.28
Congestive heart failure
All	6866	576 513	119.1	5411	603 639	89.6	1.33 (1.28 to 1.38)***	1.35 (1.30 to 1.40)***
Gender
Female	4689	312 775	149.9	3649	326 705	111.7	1.34 (1.29 to 1.40)***	1.33 (1.27 to 1.39)***
Male	2177	263 738	82.5	1762	276 934	63.6	1.30 (1.22 to 1.38)***	1.38 (1.30 to 1.47)***
P for interaction								0.38
Age, years
≤49	233	230 058	10.1	142	229 391	6.19	1.63 (1.33 to 2.01)***	1.64 (1.33 to 2.03)***
50–64	733	137 433	53.3	577	141 714	40.7	1.31 (1.18 to 1.47)***	1.31 (1.17 to 1.46)***
≥65	5900	209 022	282.3	4692	232 533	201.8	1.41 (1.35 to 1.46)***	1.38 (1.33 to 1.44)***
P for interaction								0.51
Comorbidity§
No	2115	406 910	52.0	1508	418 712	36.0	1.45 (1.35 to 1.54)***	1.42 (1.33 to 1.52)***
Yes	4751	169 603	280.1	3903	184 927	211.1	1.33 (1.28 to 1.39)***	1.31 (1.26 to 1.37)***
P for interaction								0.04
Follow-up period
<5 years	5193	194 850	266.5	3753	197 188	190.3	1.40 (1.34 to 1.46)***	1.07 (1.00 to 1.15)*
≧5 years	1673	166 386	100.6	1658	177 139	93.6	1.34 (1.29 to 1.40)***	1.17 (1.09 to 1.25)***
Pneumonia
All	15 912	561 694	283.3	10 929	595 609	183.5	1.54 (1.51 to 1.58)***	1.57 (1.54 to 1.61)***
Gender
Female	8740	306 705	285.0	6126	323 229	189.5	1.50 (1.46 to 1.55)***	1.49 (1.44 to 1.53)***
Male	7172	254 989	281.3	4803	272 380	176.3	1.59 (1.53 to 1.65)***	1.68 (1.62 to 1.75)***
P for interaction								0.02
Age, years
≤49	1468	226 184	64.9	557	228 317	24.4	2.66 (2.41 to 2.93)***	2.56 (2.32 to 2.82)***
50–64	2018	134 598	149.9	1330	140 288	94.8	1.59 (1.48 to 1.70)***	1.57 (1.47 to 1.69)***
≥65	12 426	200 912	618.5	9042	227 004	398.3	1.56 (1.52 to 1.60)***	1.53 (1.49 to 1.58)***
P for interaction								<0.001
Comorbidity§
No	6398	398 499	160.6	3657	414 829	88.2	1.82 (1.75 to 1.90)***	1.74 (1.67 to 1.82)***
Yes	9514	163 195	583.0	7272	180 780	402.3	1.45 (1.41 to 1.50)***	1.45 (1.41 to 1.50)***
P for interaction								<0.001
Follow-up period
<5 years	11 970	194 479	615.5	7447	197 003	378.0	1.63 (1.58 to 1.67)***	1.23 (1.18 to 1.29)***
≧5 years	3942	156 975	251.1	3482	170 874	203.8	1.55 (1.50 to 1.59)***	1.36 (1.30 to 1.42)***
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
All	542	590 138	9.18	257	614 432	4.18	2.20 (1.89 to 2.55)***	2.21 (1.91 to 2.57)***
Gender
Female	254	322 312	7.88	115	333 999	3.44	2.29 (1.84 to 2.85)***	2.25 (1.81 to 2.81)***
Male	288	267 826	10.8	142	280 433	5.06	2.12 (1.74 to 2.59)***	2.17 (1.78 to 2.66)***
P for interaction								0.62
Age, years
≤49	74	230 565	3.21	20	229 743	0.87	3.69 (2.25 to 6.04)***	3.47 (2.11 to 5.70)***
50–64	60	139 177	4.31	38	143 117	2.66	1.63 (1.08 to 2.44)*	1.60 (1.07 to 2.41)*
≥65	408	220 396	18.5	199	241 572	8.24	2.26 (1.91 to 2.68)***	2.22 (1.88 to 2.64)***
P for interaction								0.17
Comorbidity§
No	226	411 197	5.50	93	421 615	2.21	2.49 (1.96 to 3.18)***	2.42 (1.89 to 3.09)***
Yes	316	178 941	17.7	164	192 717	8.51	2.08 (1.72 to 2.51)***	2.08 (1.72 to 2.51)***
P for interaction								0.25

^*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
† Rate, incidence rate, per 10,000 person-years; Crude HR: relative hazard ratio.
‡Adjusted HR: adjusted hazard ratio controlling for age, sex, comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, CKD, COPD and CCI score.
§Comorbidity: Patients with any one of the comorbidities hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, CKD and COPD were classified as the comorbidity group.
PY, person-years.