Table 1

Baseline physical characteristics of participants*

Variable	Exercise				Control
Variable	S/G/P (#)	$\text{[math]}$ ± SD	Mdn	Range	S/G/P (#)	$\text{[math]}$ ± SD	Mdn	Range
Age (years)	51/65/1666	13.1±2.6	14	8–17	49/49/1117	12.7±2.6	13	8–17
Height (cm)	44/55/1342	157.7±11.3	163	130–176	42/42/910	156.5±12.2	161	127–175
Body weight (kg)	52/65/1371	76.3±17.2	79	35–107	49/49/906	75.4±17.3	75	34–103
BMI (kg/m²)	52/66/1451	29.4±3.9	29	21–38	48/48/929	29.3±3.7	29	21–37
Fat mass (kg)	31/40/867	33.4±11.5	31	15–60	29/29/567	31.2±10.2	30	15–56
Body fat (%)	46/59/1364	38.1±6.8	38	27–52	42/42/840	37.0±6.6	37	23–51
Fat-free mass (kg)	33/42/764	46.6±9.8	48	25–64	29/29/435	45.8±11.1	47	25–64
WC (cm)	23/34/757	95.1±9.2	94	76–115	21/21/445	95.5±8.8	95	80–111
VO_2max (mL/kg/min)	28/38/980	30.7±4.9	31	20–41	26/26/524	30.5±6.1	30	20–44
SBP (mm Hg)	20/24/484	118.2±8.7	118	98–139	19/19/330	119.4±9.1	118	100–134
DBP (mm Hg)	19/23/450	69.8±6.8	68	56–81	18/18/296	69.7±8.1	70	52–85
TC (mg/dL)	21/27/454	157.8±16.3	160	110–200	20/20/301	163.1±19.7	163	114–220
HDL (mg/dL)	25/30/523	42.9±5.2	43	34–56	23/23/371	44.0±6.3	45	33–59
LDL (mg/dL)	24/29/507	96.5±11.4	98	75–124	22/22/354	100.4±14	98	81–142
TG (mg/dL)	25/30/521	111.6±27.2	107	53–173	22/22/351	109.9±27.4	102	102–187
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	25/33/684	88.5±5.6	90	76–98	24/24/360	88.4±5.3	88	74–97
Fasting insulin (uU/mL)	18/27/586	21.1±9.2	21	6–46	17/17/230	21.0±11.0	19	6–48

*Descriptive data for exercise characteristics calculated based on number of groups (G).
BMI, body mass index; DBP, resting diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mdn, median; SBP, resting systolic blood pressure; S/G/P (#), number of studies/groups/participants; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; VO_2max, maximum oxygen consumption; WC, waist circumference; X̄±SD, mean±standard deviation.