Sample characteristics
| Both genders (n=4607) | Men (n=1830) | Women (n=2777) | P value* | |
| Age mean (SD) | 47.6 (17.8) | 47.5 (17.5) | 47.7 (18.0) | 0.877 |
| Educational level n (%) | ||||
| Low | 1261 (27.5) | 462 (25.3) | 799 (28.9) | 0.029 |
| Middle | 2434 (53.0) | 995 (54.5) | 1439 (52.0) | |
| High | 896 (19.5) | 368 (20.2) | 528 (19.1) | |
| Cardiovascular risk n (%) | ||||
| Low | 2246 (90.1) | 817 (79.9) | 1429 (97.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 217 (8.70) | 176 (17.2) | 41 (2.80) | |
| High | 30 (1.20) | 30 (2.90) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 278 (6.30) | 125 (7.20) | 153 (5.80) | 0.040 |
| Arterial hypertension n (%) | 1220 (26.7) | 538 (32.3) | 637 (23.1) | <0.001 |
| Smoking n (%) | 1619 (35.3) | 708 (38.8) | 911 (32.9) | <0.001 |
| Obesity n (%) | 1367 (30.0) | 441 (24.4) | 926 (33.8) | <0.001 |
| Cervical obesity† n (%) | 1757 (38.1) | 652 (35.6) | 1105 (39.8) | 0.002 |
| Central obesity n (%) | 3394 (74.1) | 1223 (67.2) | 2171 (78.7) | <0.001 |
*Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test or Fisher's exact test.
†Cut-off values based on ROC curves.
ROC, receiver operating characteristics.