Table 3

Factors associated with hazardous alcohol consumption and binge drinking among key populations in Togo in 2017

Hazardous/harmful alcohol consumptionBinge drinking
n/NUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysisn/NUnivariate analysisMultivariate analysis
OR (95% CI)P valueaOR (95% CI)P valueOR (95% CI)P valueaOR (95% CI)P value
Age (years) 0.05 0.05
 18–25351/108111433/108111
 >25462/10341.7 (1.4 to 2.0)0.0011.3 (1.1 to 1.6)0.05529/10341.6 (1.3 to 1.9)0.0011.3 (1.1 to 1.6)0.01
Marital status0.97
 Not married641/175911777/17591
 Married172/3561.6 (1.302.1)0.0011.0 (0.8 to 1.3)185/3561.4 (1.1 to 1.7)0.001
Education level0.0010.190.001 0.01
 Never been to school64/1881169/18811
 Primary school232/4771.8 (1.3 to 2.6)0.0011.50 (1.0 to 2.2)0.05256/4772.0 (1.4 to 2.8)0.0011.6 (1.1 to 2.4)0.01
 Secondary school436/11431.2 (0.9 to 1.7)0.2831.3 (0.9 to 1.8)0.26517/11431.4 (1.0 to 2.0)0.051.5 (1.0 to 2.1)0.05
 University81/3070.7 (0.5 to 1.0)0.101.3 (0.8 to 2.2)0.21120/3071.1 (0.8 to 1.6)0.602.1 (1.3 to 3.3)0.01
Religion0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
 Others/non-believers56/11211151/26311
 Christians596/16210.5 (0.4 to 0.7)0.0010.7 (0.5 to 0.9)0.05718/16210.6 (0.5 to 0.8)0.0010.71 (0.5 to 1.0)0.05
 Muslims80/2310.5 (0.3 to 0.7)0.0010.4 (0.3 to 0.6)0.00193/2310.5 (0.4 to 0.7)0.0010.4 (0.3 to 0.7)0.001
Place of residence 0.001 0.001
 Lomé392/128911486/128911
 Others421/8262.4 (2.0 to 2.9)0.0012.8 (2.2 to 3.4)0.001476/8262.3 (1.9 to 2.7)0.0012.5 (2.0 to 3.0)0.001
Tobacco use 0.001 0.001
 No423/146811533/146811
 Yes390/6473.8 (3.1 to 4.6)0.0012.6 (2.0 to 3.4)0.001429/6473.5 (2.8 to 4.2)0.0012.6 (2.0 to 3.4)0.001
Psychological distress0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
 Likely to not have psychological distress387/127811491/127811
 Likely to have mild psychological distress174/4261.6 (1.3 to 2.0)0.0011.2 (0.9 to 1.5)0.20220/4261.7 (1.4 to 2.1)0.0011.4 (1.1 to 1.7)0.05
 Likely to have moderate psychological distress159/2753.2 (2.4 to 4.1)0.0012.5 (1.9 to 3.4)0.001160/2752.2 (1.7 to 2.9)0.0011.8 (1.3 to 2.4)0.001
 Likely to have severe psychological distress93/1365.0 (3.4 to 7.4)0.0013.3 (2.2 to 5.1)0.00191/1363.2 (2.2 to 4.8)0.0012.2 (1.5 to 3.4)0.001
HIV infection0.001 0.05 0.001 0.05
 No665/167711784/167711
 Yes67/2650.5 (0.4 to 0.7)0.0010.7 (0.5 to 1.0)0.0584/2650.5 (0.4 to 0.7)0.0010.7 (0.5 to 1.0)0.05
 Not completed81/1731.3 (1.0 to 1.8)0.101.2 (0.8 to 1.8)0.3094/1731.4 (1.0 to 1.9)0.101.2 (0.9 to 1.8)0.26
Key population0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
 MSM134/64111196/64111
 FSW344/9372.2 (1.7 to 2.8)0.0011.8 (1.4 to 2.4)0.001406/9371.7 (1.4 to 2.2)0.0011.6 (1.3 to 2.1)0.001
 DU335/5376.3 (4.9 to 8.2)0.0012.4 (1.7 to 3.4)0.0120/274.6 (3.6 to 5.9)0.0012.0 (1.4 to 2.8)0.001

  • Bold values represent the main variables that are significant (≥0.05) for the multivariate analysis.

  • aOR, adjusted odds ratio; DU, drug users; FSW, female sex workers; MSM, men who have sex with men.