Determinants of ANC utilisation by regions in sub-Saharan Africa
Factor | Determinants | West Africa | East Africa | South Africa | Central Africa | Multicountry |
Predisposing factors | ||||||
Household wealth/socioeconomic status | 15 25 27 29 30 33 41 54 62 65 69 71 75 80 90 | 32 51 57 63 64 66 70 88 89 91 | 69 | 67 | ||
Maternal age | 23 30 43 54 | 46–48 50–53 55 57 | 34 | 49 | ||
Maternal education | 15 23 25 27 29 30 54 62 65 71 | 9 24 46 47 50 51 53 55 56 58–61 63 64 66 70 74 | 69 | 49 57 61 67 | ||
Maternal occupation/ employment status | 15 29 30 62 75 77 | 33 47 48 59 68 74 | 98 | 57 67 73 76 | ||
Husband/partner’s occupation | 68 | |||||
Husband/partner’s education | 22 30 41 | 63 74 | 73 | |||
Maternal religion | 27 54 75 77 | 48 66 78 | 98 | 57 | ||
Marital status and family type | 41–43 80 | 52 53 63 68 70 79 81 82 | 98 | 61 | ||
Parity/family and household size | 15 30 40 42 77 84 | 23 46 47 51 60 70 78 81–83 85 | 49 57 61 67 | |||
Ethnicity and cultural influence | 29 75 | 66 | 61 | |||
Residence/geographical location | 15 22 25 27 30 35 44 54 62 72 77 80 90 | 33 46 48 51 53 59 63 64 66 70 78 91 92 | 49 57 73 | |||
Enabling factors | ||||||
Distance from health facilities | 54 | 9 34 46 48 53 68 86 93 | 61 | |||
Health insurance/user-fee exemption | 41 54 72 90 94 | 81 95 96 | ||||
Involvement in decision-making/autonomy | 29 30 72 | 87 | 73 | |||
Husband/partner’s approval and support | 44 97 | 50 52 58 | 98 | |||
Need factors | ||||||
Knowledge/exposure to media | 22 30 54 72 75 77 | 32 48 58 64 83 85 86 | ||||
Attitude and perception towards ANC | 32 46 56 87 | |||||
Pregnancy wantedness and planning | 13 41 71 | 46 47 50 53 55 58 78 81 83 85 100 | 98 | 13 | ||
Current/previous pregnancy and health experiences | 84 97 | 50 55 56 87 | ||||
Quality/content of services | 24 53 81 93 99 |
ANC, antenatal care.