Baseline characteristics as a function of HF and stroke comorbidity
| HF (n=918) | HF+stroke (n=105) | OR (95% CI) unadjusted | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age mdn (IQR) | 73 (57–89) | 75 (63–87) | 0.069 | |
| Male | 569 (62%) | 70 (67%) | 1.23 (0.80 to 1.88) | 0.348 |
| Married/living together | 542 (60%) | 63 (61%) | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.46) | 0.872 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | 94 (10%) | 14 (13%) | 1.35 (0.74 to 2.46) | 0.330 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 153 (17%) | 33 (31%) | 2.29 (1.47 to 3.58) | <0.001 |
| Transient ischaemic attack | 59 (6%) | 24 (23%) | 4.31 (2.55 to 7.30) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 238 (26%) | 30 (29%) | 1.14 (0.73 to 1.79) | 0.559 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 392 (43%) | 59 (56%) | 1.72 (1.15 to 2.59) | 0.008 |
| Asthma | 36 (4%) | 5 (5%) | 1.23 (0.47 to 3.19) | 0.678 |
| Renal disease | 68 (7%) | 10 (10%) | 1.32 (0.66 to 2.64) | 0.440 |
| Liver disease | 23 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 1.15 (0.34 to 3.88) | 0.828 |
| Gastro-intestinal disease | 105 (11%) | 16 (15%) | 1.39 (0.79 to 2.46) | 0.255 |
| Hypertension | 385 (42%) | 54 (51%) | 1.47 (0.98 to 2.20) | 0.064 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 139 (15%) | 29 (28%) | 2.14 (1.34 to 3.40) | 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Body mass index | 27.1±5 | 26.3±5 | 0.219 | |
| Systolic blood pressure | 118.2±21 | 119.3±19 | 0.623 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 68.5±12 | 67.5±11 | 0.448 | |
| Disease severity | ||||
| LVEF | 33.7±14.3 | 33.9±15.1 | 0.930 | |
| NYHA classification | 0.650 | |||
| II | 465 (51%) | 48 (47%) | ||
| III | 410 (45%) | 51 (49%) | ||
| IV | 30 (3%) | 4 (4%) | ||
| Previous HF admission | 296 (32%) | 38 (36%) | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.82) | 0.414 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE inhibitors | 673 (73%) | 71 (68%) | 0.76 (0.49 to 1.17) | 0.215 |
| Angiotensin blockers | 110 (12%) | 14 (13%) | 1.13 (0.62 to 2.05) | 0.688 |
| Beta-blockers | 616 (67%) | 61 (58%) | 0.68 (0.45 to 1.03) | 0.065 |
| Diuretics | 878 (96%) | 102 (97%) | 1.55 (0.47 to 5.10) | 0.468 |
| Coumarin | 554 (60%) | 71 (68%) | 1.37 (0.89 to 2.11) | 0.148 |
| Antidepressants | 65 (7%) | 6 (6%) | 0.80 (0.34 to 1.88) | 0.602 |
Bold p values represent significant alpha after Bonferroni correction (p<0.002).
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection; mdn, median; NYHA, New York Heart Association.