Multivariable multilevel models for overall family satisfaction score
| Variables | Family members of ICU survivors (N=6143)* | Family members of ICU non-survivors (N=869)* | ||||
| Coef. | 95% CI | P value | Coef. | 95% CI | P value | |
| Fixed effects—family member level | ||||||
| Constant | 68.30 | (63.42 to 73.17) | 55.70 | (42.26 to 69.14) | ||
| Family member age, years (vs <30) | 0.041 | 0.18 | ||||
| 30–39 | 1.97 | (0.11 to 3.82) | 2.01 | (−2.64 to 6.66) | ||
| 40–49 | 1.65 | (0.02 to 3.29) | 3.37 | (−1.01 to 7.75) | ||
| 50–59 | 1.96 | (0.35 to 3.56) | 4.12 | (−0.09 to 8.33) | ||
| 60–69 | 1.35 | (−0.31 to 3.01) | 4.26 | (−0.25 to 8.79) | ||
| 70–79 | 1.32 | (−0.52 to 3.17) | 5.92 | (0.69 to 11.14) | ||
| 80+ | −1.34 | (−4.06 to 1.37) | −0.18 | (−6.80 to 6.43) | ||
| Family member sex—female (vs male) | 0.32 | (−0.48 to 1.12) | 0.44 | 0.66 | (−1.45 to 2.77) | 0.54 |
| Family member ethnicity—white (vs non-white) | 3.59 | (1.38 to 5.80) | 0.001 | 7.12 | (−0.00 to 14.25) | 0.050 |
| Next-of-kin/lives with patient (vs lives with patient) | <0.001 | 0.26 | ||||
| Next-of-kin, does not live with patient | −1.39 | (−2.56 to –0.22) | 1.08 | (−2.39 to 4.55) | ||
| Not next-of-kin, does not live with patient | −2.33 | (−3.26 to –1.41) | −1.24 | (−3.88 to 1.40) | ||
| Frequent visitor | 2.83 | (1.82 to 3.84) | <0.001 | 1.53 | (−1.34 to 4.39) | 0.30 |
| Fixed effects—patient level | ||||||
| Patient age (per 10 years) | 0.01 | (−0.28 to 0.31) | 0.93 | 1.18 | (0.09 to 2.27) | 0.033 |
| Patient sex—female (vs male) | 0.26 | (−0.73 to 1.25) | 0.61 | 1.92 | (−0.85 to 4.70) | 0.17 |
| Dependency (vs none) | 0.15 | 0.74 | ||||
| Minor or major | −0.30 | (−1.60 to 1.00) | −0.22 | (−3.36 to 2.92) | ||
| Total | −4.62 | (−9.32 to 0.07) | 4.98 | (−8.10 to 18.07) | ||
| Surgical status (vs non-surgical) | 0.63 | 0.82 | ||||
| Planned elective/scheduled | −0.74 | (−2.24 to 0.77) | −2.61 | (−10.77 to 5.54) | ||
| Unplanned | −0.26 | (−1.46 to 0.94) | −0.08 | (−3.95 to 3.80) | ||
| ICNARC Physiology Score (per point) | 0.16 | (0.09 to 0.24) | <0.001 | 0.17 | (0.00 to 0.34) | 0.045 |
| ICU length of stay (per day) | −0.02 | (−0.07 to 0.03) | 0.44 | −0.30 | (−0.46 to 0.15) | <0.001 |
| Advanced respiratory support | 2.96 | (1.80 to 4.11) | <0.001 | |||
| Fixed effects—ICU/hospital level | ||||||
| Hospital type (vs non-university) | 0.49 | 0.55 | ||||
| University | 0.86 | (−3.61 to 5.32) | −1.51 | (−7.51 to 4.50) | ||
| University affiliated | 1.97 | (−1.26 to 5.20) | 1.77 | (−2.55 to 6.09) | ||
| Number of ICU beds (per bed) | −0.00 | (−0.23 to 0.23) | 0.97 | 0.26 | (−0.08 to 0.61) | 0.13 |
| Random effects—SD (SE) | ||||||
| Between ICUs | 2.91 | (0.60) | 2.81 | (1.10) | ||
| Within ICUs between patients | 10.94 | (0.29) | 11.16 | (0.69) | ||
| Within patients between family members | 11.98 | (0.21) | 12.26 | (0.44) | ||
| Variance partition—percentage | ||||||
| Between ICUs | 3% | 2% | ||||
| Between patients | 44% | 44% | ||||
*Five patients had missing data on age group on both the questionnaire and the web portal—due to the very small amount of missing data in this key variable, these missing values were not imputed.
Coef., coefficient; ICNARC, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre; ICU, intensive care unit.